arXiv:2603.28952cs.RO2026-03被引 1

从航空数据中自动学习安全规则,兼顾准确与可解释性。

World2Rules: A Neuro-Symbolic Framework for Learning World-Governing Safety Rules for Aviation

  • 结合神经网络与逻辑编程,先生成候选规则再验证
  • 在真实航空数据上比纯神经模型高23.6%的F1分数
  • 适合需要可解释安全规则的航空、交通等场景

许多现实世界的安全关键系统由明确规则定义不安全状态并约束主体交互。实践中这些规则复杂且依赖上下文,人工制定易遗漏或出错。从多模态真实数据中学习此类规则面临噪声、不一致及故障案例稀疏等挑战。神经模型可从文本和视觉数据中提取结构,但缺乏形式化保证;符号方法虽具可验证性,却对不完美观测敏感。本文提出World2Rules,一种从真实航空多模态数据中学习全局安全规则的神经符号框架。该框架融合正常操作数据与空难/事故报告,将神经模型作为候选符号事实的生成器,以归纳逻辑编程为验证层。通过分层反思推理,强制跨样本、子集与规则的一致性,过滤不可靠证据,仅聚合相互一致的组件,并剔除无支持的假设。此设计限制了噪声神经提取带来的误差传播,生成紧凑、可解释的一阶逻辑规则,刻画不安全世界状态。我们在真实航空安全数据上评估,结果表明其规则的F1分数比纯神经模型高23.6%,比单次神经符号基线高43.2%,同时保持适用于安全关键推理与形式分析。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Many real-world safety-critical systems are governed by explicit rules that define unsafe world configurations and constrain agent interactions. In practice, these rules are complex and context-dependent, making manual specification incomplete and error-prone. Learning such rules from real-world multimodal data is further challenged by noise, inconsistency, and sparse failure cases. Neural models can extract structure from text and visual data but lack formal guarantees, while symbolic methods provide verifiability yet are brittle when applied directly to imperfect observations. We present World2Rules, a neuro-symbolic framework for learning world-governing safety rules from real-world multimodal aviation data. World2Rules learns from both nominal operational data and aviation crash and incident reports, treating neural models as proposal mechanisms for candidate symbolic facts and inductive logic programming as a verification layer. The framework employs hierarchical reflective reasoning, enforcing consistency across examples, subsets, and rules to filter unreliable evidence, aggregate only mutually consistent components, and prune unsupported hypotheses. This design limits error propagation from noisy neural extractions and yields compact, interpretable first-order logic rules that characterize unsafe world configurations. We evaluate World2Rules on real-world aviation safety data and show that it learns rules that achieve 23.6% higher F1 score than purely neural and 43.2% higher F1 score than single-pass neuro-symbolic baseline, while remaining suitable for safety-critical reasoning and formal analysis.

神经符号航空安全逻辑规则可解释性

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