arXiv:2603.29114cs.SEcs.AI2026-03

用可解释的机器学习+用户访谈,找出老年人数字健康需求优先级的关键影响因素。

Towards Explainable Stakeholder-Aware Requirements Prioritisation in Aged-Care Digital Health

  • 结合机器学习与深度访谈,识别影响需求优先级的核心人类因素。
  • 发现不同利益相关者对关键因素的认知存在显著偏差。
  • 提出可解释的人类中心需求分析框架,适合医疗系统设计者使用。

老年人数字健康的需求工程需考虑人的因素,因为需求优先级不仅由技术功能决定,还受健康状况、社会经济背景和生活经验影响。明确哪些人因何原因重要,对实现包容性、基于证据的需求排序至关重要。然而现有研究多依赖专家判断或模型驱动分析,缺乏大规模用户研究及有实际参与者的验证。为此,我们开展混合方法研究,涵盖103位老年人、105名开发者和41名照护者。首先运用可解释机器学习,在8个老年照护数字健康主题中识别出与需求优先级最相关的因素;随后进行12次半结构化访谈,验证并解读量化模式。结果揭示了塑造需求优先级的关键人类因素及其方向性影响,并暴露了各利益相关群体间的重大认知错位。研究显示,人性化的需求分析应明确区分并纳入各利益方视角,而非简单合并为单一整体观点。本文贡献在于识别出影响老年照护数字健康需求优先级的关键人类因素,并提出一种融合机器学习重要性排序与质性验证的可解释、以人为本的需求工程框架,以揭示包容性需求工程必须应对的利益相关者错位问题。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Requirements engineering for aged-care digital health must account for human aspects, because requirement priorities are shaped not only by technical functionality but also by stakeholders' health conditions, socioeconomics, and lived experience. Knowing which human aspects matter most, and for whom, is critical for inclusive and evidence-based requirements prioritisation. Yet in practice, while some studies have examined human aspects in RE, they have largely relied on expert judgement or model-driven analysis rather than large-scale user studies with meaningful human-in-the-loop validation to determine which aspects matter most and why. To address this gap, we conducted a mixed-methods study with 103 older adults, 105 developers, and 41 caregivers. We first applied an explainable machine learning to identify the human aspects most strongly associated with requirement priorities across 8 aged-care digital health themes, and then conducted 12 semi-structured interviews to validate and interpret the quantitative patterns. The results identify the key human aspects shaping requirement priorities, reveal their directional effects, and expose substantial misalignment across stakeholder groups. Together, these findings show that human-centric requirements analysis should engage stakeholder groups explicitly rather than collapsing their perspectives into a single aggregate view. This paper contributes an identification of the key human aspects driving requirement priorities in aged-care digital health and an explainable, human-centric RE framework that combines ML-derived importance rankings with qualitative validation to surface the stakeholder misalignments that inclusive requirements engineering must address.

需求工程可解释AI老年健康人因分析

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