arXiv:2603.29369cs.ARcs.LG2026-03

利用异构芯片自动分配深度强化学习任务,显著加速训练过程。

AP-DRL: A Synergistic Algorithm-Hardware Framework for Automatic Task Partitioning of Deep Reinforcement Learning on Versal ACAP

  • 根据计算特性自动划分任务到CPU/FPGA/AI引擎
  • 实测训练速度提升最高达4.17倍且保持收敛性
  • 针对精度问题设计硬件感知的混合精度方案

深度强化学习在多个领域取得显著成果,但训练与推理耦合紧密,加速训练成为关键挑战。现有方法主要聚焦特定计算单元加速或推理阶段量化优化,难以应对算法间计算强度差异大及动态范围广导致的精度误差问题。本文提出AP-DRL框架,利用AMD Versal ACAP异构架构(集成CPU、FPGA和AI引擎),通过瓶颈分析指导跨组件任务划分与量化优化。基于设计空间探索与整数线性规划模型,实现操作向最优计算单元的智能映射;同时,结合芯片原生支持的FP32(CPU)、FP16(FPGA/DSP)和BF16(AI Engine)精度格式,实现硬件感知的混合精度协同。实验表明,相比可编程逻辑基线提速最高达4.17倍,相比AI引擎基线提速最高达3.82倍,且训练收敛性不受影响。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deep reinforcement learning has demonstrated remarkable success across various domains. However, the tight coupling between training and inference processes makes accelerating DRL training an essential challenge for DRL optimization. Two key issues hinder efficient DRL training: (1) the significant variation in computational intensity across different DRL algorithms and even among operations within the same algorithm complicates hardware platform selection, while (2) DRL's wide dynamic range could lead to substantial reward errors with conventional FP16+FP32 mixed-precision quantization. While existing work has primarily focused on accelerating DRL for specific computing units or optimizing inference-stage quantization, we propose AP-DRL to address the above challenges. AP-DRL is an automatic task partitioning framework that harnesses the heterogeneous architecture of AMD Versal ACAP (integrating CPUs, FPGAs, and AI Engines) to accelerate DRL training through intelligent hardware-aware optimization. Our approach begins with bottleneck analysis of CPU, FPGA, and AIE performance across diverse DRL workloads, informing the design principles for AP-DRL's inter-component task partitioning and quantization optimization. The framework then addresses the challenge of platform selection through design space exploration-based profiling and ILP-based partitioning models that match operations to optimal computing units based on their computational characteristics. For the quantization challenge, AP-DRL employs a hardware-aware algorithm coordinating FP32 (CPU), FP16 (FPGA/DSP), and BF16 (AI Engine) operations by leveraging Versal ACAP's native support for these precision formats. Comprehensive experiments indicate that AP-DRL can achieve speedup of up to 4.17$\times$ over programmable logic and up to 3.82$\times$ over AI Engine baselines while maintaining training convergence.

强化学习异构计算自动划分硬件优化

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