将动态运动基元与安全约束结合,实现机器人实时避障。
SafeDMPs: Integrating Formal Safety with DMPs for Adaptive HRI
- 用时空管构建非优化型安全控制律,融合动态运动基元
- 实测速度比传统方法快数量级,且能避免静态和动态障碍
- 适合需要实时安全协作的机器人场景
在以人为中心的环境中运行的机器人必须既具备抗扰动的鲁棒性,又具备可证明的安全性。同时实现这两项特性且高效仍是核心挑战。虽然动态运动基元(DMPs)具有内在稳定性并能从单次演示中泛化,但缺乏形式化安全保证。相反,如控制屏障函数(CBFs)等形式化方法虽能提供可证明的安全性,但通常依赖计算成本高昂的实时优化,限制了其在高频控制中的应用。本文提出SafeDMPs,一种新框架,解决了这一权衡问题。我们将DMPs的闭式解效率与动态鲁棒性,与基于时空管(STTs)推导出的可证明安全、非优化型控制律相结合。该协同机制使得生成的运动不仅对扰动鲁棒、可适应新目标,还能保证避开静态与动态障碍。本方法为原本需在线优化的问题提供了闭式解。7自由度机械臂实验表明,SafeDMPs相比基于优化的基线方法速度快数量级且更精确,是实时、安全、协作机器人理想的解决方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Robots operating in human-centric environments must be both robust to disturbances and provably safe from collisions. Achieving these properties simultaneously and efficiently remains a central challenge. While Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMPs) offer inherent stability and generalization from single demonstrations, they lack formal safety guarantees. Conversely, formal methods like Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) provide provable safety but often rely on computationally expensive, real-time optimization, hindering their use in high-frequency control. This paper introduces SafeDMPs, a novel framework that resolves this trade-off. We integrate the closed-form efficiency and dynamic robustness of DMPs with a provably safe, non-optimization-based control law derived from Spatio-Temporal Tubes (STTs). This synergy allows us to generate motions that are not only robust to perturbations and adaptable to new goals, but also guaranteed to avoid static and dynamic obstacles. Our approach achieves a closed-form solution for a problem that traditionally requires online optimization. Experimental results on a 7-DOF robot manipulator demonstrate that SafeDMPs is orders of magnitude faster and more accurate than optimization-based baselines, making it an ideal solution for real-time, safe, and collaborative robotics.
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