arXiv:2604.00174cs.CL2026-04被引 3

用分布语义分析波兰语语音形态与意义关系,发现词向量能捕捉音节结构信息。

Polish phonology and morphology through the lens of distributional semantics

论文配图:Polish phonology and morphology through the lens of distributional semantics
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过词向量建模,从语义空间推断语音和形态特征。
  • 无需形式信息即可准确预测波兰语的格、数、时态等语法属性。
  • 适合对形态复杂语言的计算语言学研究者参考。

本研究利用分布语义方法探究波兰语词的语音形态结构与其意义之间的关系。针对包含辅音簇的词形特征是否反映在语义空间中这一问题,采用 t-SNE、线性判别分析和线性判别学习等统计与计算技术进行分析。结果表明,除了编码丰富的句法形态信息(如体、时、数、格)外,语义向量还蕴含了音素串等次词单位的信息。首先,仅基于词向量便可无须形式信息准确预测波兰语的音系复杂度、形态透明度及多种形态句法范畴(如格、性别、体、时、数)。其次,我们提出,利用带有词向量的判别性词典模型可实现高精度的语义理解与生成,原因在于语义空间中存在与形式空间高度同构的丰富结构信息。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

This study investigates the relationship between the phonological and morphological structure of Polish words and their meanings using Distributional Semantics. In the present analysis, we ask whether there is a relationship between the form properties of words containing consonant clusters and their meanings. Is the phonological and morphonological structure of complex words mirrored in semantic space? We address these questions for Polish, a language characterized by non-trivial morphology and an impressive inventory of morphologically-motivated consonant clusters. We use statistical and computational techniques, such as t-SNE, Linear Discriminant Analysis and Linear Discriminative Learning, and demonstrate that -- apart from encoding rich morphosyntactic information (e.g. tense, number, case) -- semantic vectors capture information on sub-lexical linguistic units such as phoneme strings. First, phonotactic complexity, morphotactic transparency, and a wide range of morphosyntactic categories available in Polish (case, gender, aspect, tense, number) can be predicted from embeddings without requiring any information about the forms of words. Second, we argue that computational modelling with the discriminative lexicon model using embeddings can provide highly accurate predictions for comprehension and production, exactly because of the existence of extensive information in semantic space that is to a considerable extent isomorphic with structure in the form space.

分布语义形态学语音学波兰语

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