通过量化非对称性提升波前恢复精度，优化成像系统设计
Pupil Design for Computational Wavefront Estimation
- 提出非对称性量化指标指导瞳孔设计
- 非对称性越高，波前恢复能力越强
- 兼顾光通量与抗噪性能，适合光学成像领域
建立图像强度与入射波前之间的精确关系，对自适应光学、全息术、计算显微镜及非视域成像等新兴应用至关重要。以往研究显示，打破瞳孔设计的对称性可实现仅用单次强度测量恢复波前，但缺乏有效指导。本文引入定量非对称性度量，通过大规模仿真与光学实验验证，表明增强非对称性能显著提升波前可恢复性。同时分析了瞳孔设计中的权衡，包括光通量损失与噪声下的性能表现，为实际系统设计提供依据。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Establishing a precise connection between imaged intensity and the incident wavefront is essential for emerging applications in adaptive optics, holography, computational microscopy, and non-line-of-sight imaging. While prior work has shown that breaking symmetries in pupil design enables wavefront recovery from a single intensity measurement, there is little guidance on how to design a pupil that improves wavefront estimation. In this work we introduce a quantitative asymmetry metric to bridge this gap and, through an extensive empirical study and supporting analysis, demonstrate that increasing asymmetry enhances wavefront recoverability. We analyze the trade-offs in pupil design, and the impact on light throughput along with performance in noise. Both large-scale simulations and optical bench experiments are carried out to support our findings.
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