提出新方法解决核物理生成模拟中的收敛误导问题,提升物理保真度。
ScatterPrism: convergence for generative simulation and inverse problems in particle and nuclear physics

- 设计ScatterPrism生成模型,用多指标诊断克服传统损失函数过早收敛缺陷
- 在γp→ρ⁰p→π⁺π⁻p数据上验证,标准损失提前饱和而物理指标持续优化
- 适用于电子离子对撞机等前沿核物理,也适合医学成像等需高可靠生成的领域
高保真模拟与复杂反问题(如探测器建模和去卷积)在亚原子物理中计算成本高昂,却是准确物理解释的关键。尽管条件流匹配(CFM)提供了一种高效的加速方案,但我们发现其标准训练损失本质上具有误导性。以杰斐逊实验室核物理(NP)运动学数据集(γp → ρ⁰p → π⁺π⁻p)为例,我们揭示了CFM损失会过早趋于平稳,掩盖了持续的物理精细化过程。为验证这一偏差具有数据无关性,我们引入ScatterPrism生成代理模型,通过真实NP数据与模拟应力测试(涵盖复杂一维分布拓扑)双重验证。结合这些基准,我们证明物理信息指标可在标准损失收敛后继续提升。因此,我们提出多指标诊断协议,确保真正运动学保真且避免数据记忆。该框架由即将建成的电子-离子对撞机(EIC)相关挑战驱动,有望拓展至高能物理(HEP)中的喷注建模等应用。此外,其可靠性机制对医学成像、天体物理及量化金融等更广泛领域也具重要潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
High-fidelity simulations and complex inverse problems, such as detector modeling and unfolding, are computationally intensive bottlenecks across subatomic physics, yet essential for accurate physical interpretation. While Conditional Flow Matching (CFM) offers a robust acceleration approach, we demonstrate its standard training loss is fundamentally misleading. Specifically, utilizing a Jefferson Lab Nuclear Physics (NP) kinematic dataset ($γp \to ρ^0 p \to π^+π^- p$), we expose that CFM loss plateaus prematurely, obscuring ongoing physical refinement. To verify this disconnect is a dataset-agnostic pathology, we introduce ScatterPrism, an efficient generative surrogate evaluated against both the NP data and synthetic stress tests modeling challenging 1D distribution topologies. Coupling these benchmarks, we establish that physics-informed metrics continue improving long after standard loss converges. Consequently, we propose a multi-metric diagnostic protocol to ensure true kinematic fidelity without data memorization. Driven by NP challenges relevant to the forthcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), this unified machinery has strong potential to extend to High-Energy Physics (HEP) applications, such as jet modeling. Furthermore, the framework holds promise for broader domains requiring rigorous generative reliability, including medical imaging, astrophysics, and quantitative finance.
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