arXiv:2604.01484cond-mat.stat-mechcs.LG2026-04

用拓扑间隙揭示自旋模型临界行为,验证标度律与普适性。

The topological gap at criticality: scaling exponent d + η, universality, and scope

  • 定义拓扑间隙衡量自旋模型临界关联,基于霍姆斯同调总持续性差。
  • 2D伊辛与3状态庞茨模型符合标度律,指数吻合理论值(误差<1σ)。
  • 适用于二阶相变且修正项为代数型,不适用于对数修正或一阶相变。

拓扑间隙 Δ = TP_{H_1}^{real} - TP_{H_1}^{shuf} 表示多数自旋α复形在密度匹配零模型上的 H₁ 总持续性超额,编码自旋模型的临界相关性。我们建立有限尺寸标度律:Δ(L,T) = A L^{d+η} G_-(L|t/T_c|),其中 G_-(x) ∼ (1+x/x_0)^{-(1+β/ν)}。对于二维伊辛模型,α=2.249±0.038,与 d+η=9/4 的理论值相差仅0.03σ;G_- 指数 γ=1.089±0.077,与 1+β/ν=9/8 一致(ΔR² < 10^{-5})。对于二维庞茨模型(q=3,L≤1024),α=2.272±0.024(距理论值2.267仅0.2σ),含两项标度修正(R²=0.9999);γ=1.114(68%置信区间[1.053,1.173]),与1+β/ν=17/15一致。适用范围边界:2D庞茨模型(q=4)失败(α=2.347±0.017,偏离5/2达9.3σ),因对数修正导致收敛失败;原始3D伊辛模型也失效(4σ偏差),但通过密度归一化 Δ/|M|^{1/2} 后恢复 α=3.06±0.04(0.6σ偏差)。该框架对一级相变、布赫-卡斯塔罗夫-特拉斯勒(BKT)相变及渗流均不适用。判据:当标度修正为代数型(ω>0)时,α=d+η 成立;若为对数型(ω→0),则失效。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The topological gap $Δ= TP_{H_1}^{real} - TP_{H_1}^{shuf}$ -- the excess $H_1$ total persistence of the majority-spin alpha complex over a density-matched null -- encodes critical correlations in spin models. We establish finite-size scaling: $Δ(L,T) = A L^{d+η} G_-(L|t/T_c|)$, with $G_-(x) \sim (1+x/x_0)^{-(1+β/ν)}$. For 2D Ising, $α= 2.249 \pm 0.038$, matching $d+η= 9/4$ to $0.03σ$; the $G_-$ exponent $γ= 1.089 \pm 0.077$ is consistent with $1+β/ν= 9/8$ ($ΔR^2 < 10^{-5}$). For 2D Potts $q=3$ with $L$ up to 1024, $α= 2.272 \pm 0.024$ ($0.2σ$ from $d+η= 2.267$), with two-term corrections to scaling ($R^2 = 0.9999$). The $G_-$ exponent $γ= 1.114$ (68% CI $[1.053, 1.173]$) matches $1+β/ν= 17/15$. Scope boundaries: the law fails for 2D Potts $q=4$ ($α= 2.347 \pm 0.017$, $9.3σ$ from $d+η= 5/2$) where logarithmic corrections prevent convergence, and for raw 3D Ising ($4σ$ from $d+η$), but density normalization $Δ/|M|^{1/2}$ recovers $α= 3.06 \pm 0.04$ ($0.6σ$). The framework fails for first-order, BKT, and percolation. The criterion: $α= d+η$ holds when corrections to scaling are algebraic ($ω> 0$) but fails when logarithmic ($ω\to 0$).

临界现象拓扑数据分析标度律普适性

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