arXiv:2604.01535cs.CL2026-04被引 4

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Read More, Think More: Revisiting Observation Reduction for Web Agents

  • 根据模型能力与思考令牌预算,动态选择网页信息表示方式
  • 强模型用原始HTML提升动作识别准确率,弱模型用精简树结构防幻觉
  • 结合历史变化的差分表示法,节省token又提升性能

基于大语言模型的网络代理依赖网页观测(通常为HTML)来识别可执行动作并规划后续步骤。以往研究认为HTML冗长影响性能,普遍采用观测压缩。本文重新审视这一做法,发现最优观测表示取决于模型能力和思考令牌预算:(1) 低能力模型更适合紧凑表示(如无障碍树),而高能力模型在使用详细原始HTML时表现更优,且增加思考令牌进一步放大其优势;(2) 错误分析显示,高能力模型能利用HTML中的布局信息实现更精准的动作定位,而低能力模型在输入过长时易产生幻觉。此外,引入观测历史可普遍提升性能,差分表示法是一种高效省token的替代方案。据此提出实用建议:根据模型能力和思考令牌预算自适应选择观测表示,并采用差分方式融合历史信息。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Web agents based on large language models (LLMs) rely on observations of web pages -- commonly represented as HTML -- as the basis for identifying available actions and planning subsequent steps. Prior work has treated the verbosity of HTML as an obstacle to performance and adopted observation reduction as a standard practice. We revisit this trend and demonstrate that the optimal observation representation depends on model capability and thinking token budget: (1) compact observations (accessibility trees) are preferable for lower-capability models, while detailed observations (HTML) are advantageous for higher-capability models; moreover, increasing thinking tokens further amplifies the benefit of HTML. (2) Our error analysis suggests that higher-capability models exploit layout information in HTML for better action grounding, while lower-capability models suffer from increased hallucination under longer inputs. We also find that incorporating observation history improves performance across most models and settings, and a diff-based representation offers a token-efficient alternative. Based on these findings, we suggest practical guidelines: adaptively select observation representations based on model capability and thinking token budget, and incorporate observation history using diff-based representations.

Web代理大模型信息压缩动作规划

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