直接从原始雷达数据学习空间结构,无需传统波束成形。
Learning Spatial Structure from Pre-Beamforming Per-Antenna Range-Doppler Radar Data via Visibility-Aware Cross-Modal Supervision
- 用双啁啾共享编码器端到端处理原始天线回波数据。
- 在48虚天线雷达上实现毫米级空间恢复,精度接近传统方法。
- 适合雷达感知与多模态融合研究者参考。
汽车雷达感知通常在应用学习模型前通过波束成形构建角度域表示。本文探究一个关键问题:能否直接从原始的每根天线的时频-多普勒(RD)测量数据中学习有意义的空间结构?实验基于一款6发射×8接收(48虚天线)的商用汽车雷达,采用A/B双啁啾序列调频连续波(CS-FMCW)发射方案,其有效发射孔径随啁啾变化(单发射或多重发射),支持对啁啾相关发射配置的受控分析。我们使用双啁啾共享权重编码器,在预波束成形的每天线RD张量上进行端到端、全数据驱动训练,并以鸟瞰图(BEV)占据作为几何探针评估空间可恢复性,而非性能导向目标。监督信号为可见性感知的跨模态信息,来自激光雷达,显式建模雷达视场和基于射线的遮挡感知激光雷达可观测性。通过啁啾消融实验(A-only, B-only, A+B)、距离带分析及物理对齐基线,评估发射配置对几何可恢复性的影响。结果表明,无需显式角度域构建或手工信号处理阶段,即可直接从预波束成形的每天线RD张量中学习空间结构。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Automotive radar perception pipelines commonly construct angle-domain representations via beamforming before applying learning-based models. This work instead investigates a representational question: can meaningful spatial structure be learned directly from pre-beamforming per-antenna range-Doppler (RD) measurements? Experiments are conducted on a 6-TX x 8-RX (48 virtual antennas) commodity automotive radar employing an A/B chirp-sequence frequency-modulated continuous-wave (CS-FMCW) transmit scheme, in which the effective transmit aperture varies between chirps (single-TX vs. multi-TX), enabling controlled analysis of chirp-dependent transmit configurations. We operate on pre-beamforming per-antenna RD tensors using a dual-chirp shared-weight encoder trained in an end-to-end, fully data-driven manner, and evaluate spatial recoverability using bird's-eye-view (BEV) occupancy as a geometric probe rather than a performance-driven objective. Supervision is visibility-aware and cross-modal, derived from LiDAR with explicit modeling of the radar field-of-view and occlusion-aware LiDAR observability via ray-based visibility. Through chirp ablations (A-only, B-only, A+B), range-band analysis, and physics-aligned baselines, we assess how transmit configurations affect geometric recoverability. The results indicate that spatial structure can be learned directly from pre-beamforming per-antenna RD tensors without explicit angle-domain construction or hand-crafted signal-processing stages.
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