arXiv:2604.02006cs.AI2026-04ACL

用过程批判器主动纠错,提升大模型在复杂任务中的探索能力。

ProCeedRL: Process Critic with Exploratory Demonstration Reinforcement Learning for LLM Agentic Reasoning

  • 引入过程级批评机制,实时干预错误积累
  • 通过反思示范显著提升探索效率,超越模型自身极限
  • 适合需要深度搜索与具身任务的智能体系统

强化学习(RL)能显著提升大语言模型(LLMs)的推理能力,但在多轮代理任务中仍面临长周期交互和环境反馈随机性挑战。我们发现代理探索存在结构性缺陷:次优动作会引发噪声观测,导致误导性上下文,进一步削弱后续决策,使错误累积难以恢复。这一反馈循环使标准探索策略失效,易受模型推理与环境随机性影响。为此,我们提出ProCeedRL:过程批判器结合探索示范的强化学习框架,将探索从被动选择转变为积极干预。该方法通过过程级批评器实时监控交互,并利用基于反思的示范引导代理停止错误累积。实验证明,该方法显著超越模型饱和探索性能,大幅提高探索效率,在复杂深度搜索与具身任务上取得优异表现。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reinforcement Learning (RL) significantly enhances the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs), yet applying it to multi-turn agentic tasks remains challenging due to the long-horizon nature of interactions and the stochasticity of environmental feedback. We identify a structural failure mode in agentic exploration: suboptimal actions elicit noisy observations into misleading contexts, which further weaken subsequent decision-making, making recovery increasingly difficult. This cumulative feedback loop of errors renders standard exploration strategies ineffective and susceptible to the model's reasoning and the environment's randomness. To mitigate this issue, we propose ProCeedRL: Process Critic with Explorative Demonstration RL, shifting exploration from passive selection to active intervention. ProCeedRL employs a process-level critic to monitor interactions in real time, incorporating reflection-based demonstrations to guide agents in stopping the accumulation of errors. We find that this approach significantly exceeds the model's saturated exploration performance, demonstrating substantial exploratory benefits. By learning from exploratory demonstrations and on-policy samples, ProCeedRL significantly improves exploration efficiency and achieves superior performance on complex deep search and embodied tasks.

强化学习大模型推理探索优化

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