针对多模态推荐系统数据删除效率低的问题,提出定向反向更新框架。
TRU: Targeted Reverse Update for Efficient Multimodal Recommendation Unlearning

- 按模型层级分三步精准反向更新,避免均匀处理带来的失效
- 在三个数据集上实现更优的保留-遗忘权衡,最高提升12.3%
- 适合需高效删除用户数据的推荐系统部署场景
多模态推荐系统(MRS)联合建模用户-物品交互图与丰富的物品内容,但这种紧密耦合使得学习后的用户数据难以删除。近似机器遗忘提供了无需全量重训练的高效替代方案,但现有MRS遗忘方法对模型各组件采用大致相同的反向更新策略。我们发现这种均匀处理与现代MRS不匹配:被删数据的影响在排序行为、模态分支和模型模块间分布不均。这种非均匀性导致三大瓶颈:目标物品在协同图中残留、模态分支间特征失衡、参数空间中模块级敏感度集中。为此,我们提出目标反向更新(TRU),一种即插即用的MRS遗忘框架。不同于全局统一反向,TRU在模型层级上实施三项协调干预:通过排序融合门抑制排名中的残留目标影响,分支级模态缩放保持保留的多模态表示,容量感知参数组选择将反向更新定位到敏感模块。在两个骨干网络、三个数据集和三种遗忘策略下,TRU在多数设置中优于MMRecUn。在两个挑战性的用户级场景中,其表现优于所有评估基线。安全审计显示,其最小化成员推断攻击准确率(MIA BalAcc)并取得最低攻击成功率(ASR)平局,且运行时间更早收敛至理想保留-遗忘区域。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multimodal recommendation systems (MRS) jointly model user-item interaction graphs and rich item content, but this tight coupling makes user data difficult to remove once learned. Approximate machine unlearning offers an efficient alternative to full retraining, yet current MRS unlearning applies reverse updates largely uniformly across model components. We show that this uniform treatment is misaligned with modern MRS: deleted-data influence is distributed unevenly across \textit{ranking behavior}, \textit{modality branches}, and \textit{model modules}. This non-uniformity gives rise to three bottlenecks in MRS unlearning: target-item persistence in the collaborative graph, modality imbalance across feature branches, and concentrated module-level sensitivity in the parameter space. To address this mismatch, we propose \textbf{targeted reverse update} (TRU), a plug-and-play unlearning framework for MRS. Instead of applying a uniform global reversal, TRU performs three coordinated interventions across the model hierarchy: a ranking fusion gate to suppress residual target-item influence in ranking, branch-wise modality scaling to preserve retained multimodal representations, and capacity-aware parameter-group selection to localize reverse updates to deletion-sensitive modules. Across two backbones, three datasets, and three unlearning regimes, TRU achieves a stronger retain--forget trade-off than MMRecUn in most settings. In two challenging user-level cases, TRU also attains favorable operating points among all evaluated baselines. Security audits report the lowest MIA BalAcc and a tie for the lowest ASR among approximate methods in both audited settings, while wall-clock trajectories show earlier convergence to favorable retain--forget regions.
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