arXiv:2604.02369cs.NIcs.AI2026-04被引 3

提出三层次通信框架,揭示现有协议在语义协作上的短板。

Beyond Message Passing: A Semantic View of Agent Communication Protocols

论文配图:Beyond Message Passing: A Semantic View of Agent Communication Protocols
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将智能体通信分为通信、语法和语义三层,系统分析18种协议。
  • 多数协议仅支持传输与结构化交互,缺乏语义层面的明确机制。
  • 指出语义责任被推给提示词,适合关注系统互操作性的开发者参考。

智能体通信协议正成为大型语言模型系统的关键基础设施,用于工具调用、多智能体协作及异构环境运行。本文从人类启发视角出发,将通信划分为通信、语法和语义三个层次,系统分析了18种代表性协议,比较其在可靠传输、结构化交互和意义级协调方面的支持能力。分析显示当前协议设计存在明显失衡:多数协议在传输、流式处理、模式定义和生命周期管理方面日趋成熟,但在澄清、上下文对齐和验证等语义层面的支持仍十分有限。结果导致语义职责被推至提示词、封装层或应用特定编排逻辑中,带来隐性互操作与维护成本。为弥合这一差距,本文进一步识别出当前协议生态中的主要技术债务,并提炼出不同部署场景下的协议选择建议。最后,提出迈向可互操作、安全且语义稳健的智能体生态的研究路线图,推动从消息传递走向共享理解。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Agent communication protocols are becoming critical infrastructure for large language model (LLM) systems that must use tools, coordinate with other agents, and operate across heterogeneous environments. This work presents a human-inspired perspective on this emerging landscape by organizing agent communication into three layers: communication, syntactic, and semantic. Under this framework, we systematically analyze 18 representative protocols and compare how they support reliable transport, structured interaction, and meaning-level coordination. Our analysis shows a clear imbalance in current protocol design. Most protocols provide increasingly mature support for transport, streaming, schema definition, and lifecycle management, but offer limited protocol-level mechanisms for clarification, context alignment, and verification. As a result, semantic responsibilities are often pushed into prompts, wrappers, or application-specific orchestration logic, creating hidden interoperability and maintenance costs. To make this gap actionable, we further identify major forms of technical debt in today's protocol ecosystem and distill practical guidance for selecting protocols under different deployment settings. We conclude by outlining a research agenda for interoperable, secure, and semantically robust agent ecosystems that move beyond message passing toward shared understanding.

智能体通信语义协同协议分析

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