arXiv:2604.02522cs.CRcs.AI2026-04被引 1

Opal让个人AI在不泄露访问痕迹的前提下,高效安全地存取用户长期记忆。

Opal: Private Memory for Personal AI

  • 将数据依赖推理移至可信环境,外部存储仅执行固定模式访问
  • 比语义搜索高13个百分点的检索准确率,吞吐量提升29倍
  • 适合需保护隐私的个人智能系统,如聊天助手、日程管理

个人AI系统日益需要长期保存用户活动数据,如文档、邮件、消息、会议记录和环境录音。可信硬件可保障数据私密性,但难以随数据规模扩展;这迫使数据存储于外部,暴露了访问模式,导致应用提供商可能窥探隐私。不经意随机存取内存(ORAM)可隐藏访问模式,但需固定访问预算,无法支持代理式记忆系统所需的动态查询。我们提出Opal,一种面向个人AI的私有内存系统。核心思想是将所有数据依赖推理隔离至可信安全区,外部磁盘仅接收固定、无差别的内存访问。安全区内组件使用轻量级知识图谱捕捉语义搜索遗漏的个人上下文,并通过每次ORAM访问捎带索引更新与容量管理实现持续数据摄入。在基于随机通信模型构建的综合合成数据管道上评估显示,Opal相较语义搜索提升13个百分点的检索准确率,吞吐量达安全基线的29倍,基础设施成本降低15倍。Opal正被一家主要AI服务商考虑部署至数百万用户。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Personal AI systems increasingly retain long-term memory of user activity, including documents, emails, messages, meetings, and ambient recordings. Trusted hardware can keep this data private, but struggles to scale with a growing datastore. This pushes the data to external storage, which exposes retrieval access patterns that leak private information to the application provider. Oblivious RAM (ORAM) is a cryptographic primitive that can hide these patterns, but it requires a fixed access budget, precluding the query-dependent traversals that agentic memory systems rely on for accuracy. We present Opal, a private memory system for personal AI. Our key insight is to decouple all data-dependent reasoning from the bulk of personal data, confining it to the trusted enclave. Untrusted disk then sees only fixed, oblivious memory accesses. This enclave-resident component uses a lightweight knowledge graph to capture personal context that semantic search alone misses and handles continuous ingestion by piggybacking reindexing and capacity management on every ORAM access. Evaluated on a comprehensive synthetic personal-data pipeline driven by stochastic communication models, Opal improves retrieval accuracy by 13 percentage points over semantic search and achieves 29x higher throughput with 15x lower infrastructure cost than a secure baseline. Opal is under consideration for deployment to millions of users at a major AI provider.

私有计算记忆系统隐私保护

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