arXiv:2604.02578cs.MAcs.AI2026-04

LLM在群体协作中易波动且频繁切换,不如人类稳定高效。

High Volatility and Action Bias Distinguish LLMs from Humans in Group Coordination

  • 通过数值反馈迭代调整,对比人类与LLM的协作策略
  • LLM在多轮游戏中持续切换,收敛速度慢于人类3倍以上
  • 丰富反馈对人类帮助大,对LLM影响微弱,适合研究人机协作差异

人类在群体协作中表现出卓越能力。随着大语言模型(LLMs)能力提升,其是否具备与人类相当的自适应协作能力及其策略是否一致仍属未解之谜。为探究此问题,我们比较了人类与LLM在一种不完全监控的共同利益博弈——群体二分搜索(Group Binary Search)中的表现。该游戏涉及n名参与者需独立提交数值,以使总和逼近一个随机目标值。在无直接沟通的情况下,双方依赖群体反馈逐步调整行为。结果表明,与人类随时间趋于稳定不同,LLM在多轮游戏中常出现过度切换,导致群体难以收敛。此外,更丰富的反馈(如数值误差大小)显著提升人类表现,但对LLM影响甚微。通过引入人类基线与机制级指标(如反应性、切换动态、跨游戏学习),我们揭示了人与LLM在群体协作中的根本差异,并提供可操作的行为诊断框架,助力缩小协作差距。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Humans exhibit remarkable abilities to coordinate in groups. As large language models (LLMs) become more capable, it remains an open question whether they can demonstrate comparable adaptive coordination and whether they use the same strategies as humans. To investigate this, we compare LLM and human performance on a common-interest game with imperfect monitoring: Group Binary Search. In this n-player game, participants need to coordinate their actions to achieve a common objective. Players independently submit numerical values in an effort to collectively sum to a randomly assigned target number. Without direct communication, they rely on group feedback to iteratively adjust their submissions until they reach the target number. Our findings show that, unlike humans who adapt and stabilize their behavior over time, LLMs often fail to improve across games and exhibit excessive switching, which impairs group convergence. Moreover, richer feedback (e.g., numerical error magnitude) benefits humans substantially but has small effects on LLMs. Taken together, by grounding the analysis in human baselines and mechanism-level metrics, including reactivity scaling, switching dynamics, and learning across games, we point to differences in human and LLM groups and provide a behaviorally grounded diagnostic for closing the coordination gap.

群体协作大模型行为反馈机制

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。