arXiv:2604.02927cs.LGcs.NI2026-04

用神经网络实现毫秒级智能路由,支持真实延迟环境。

Towards Near-Real-Time Telemetry-Aware Routing with Neural Routing Algorithms

论文配图:Towards Near-Real-Time Telemetry-Aware Routing with Neural Routing Algorithms
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将路由建模为带延迟的闭环控制问题,显式考虑通信与推理延迟。
  • 在多种真实和合成拓扑上,性能超越传统最短路径算法,且延迟真实时仍稳定。
  • 适合需要本地化部署、低延迟响应的生产级网络场景。

路由算法对高效网络运行至关重要,需在毫秒内应对流量突发。实时遥测数据可提供有效信号,近年研究已训练神经网络利用此类信号实现流量感知路由。然而,汇聚全网信息存在通信延迟,现有神经方法或假设无延迟全局状态,或仅限路由器局部遥测,导致其在真实环境中的可部署性存疑。本文将遥测感知路由建模为延迟感知的闭环控制问题,提出一个显式建模通信与推理延迟的训练与评估框架。在此基础上,提出LOGGIA——一种可扩展的图神经路由算法,从带属性的拓扑-遥测图中预测对数空间链路权重。该算法采用数据驱动预训练,再结合在线策略强化学习。在合成与真实网络拓扑及未见过的混合TCP/UDP流量序列上,LOGGIA持续优于最短路径基线,而其他神经基线在引入真实延迟后即失效。实验还表明,如LOGGIA等神经路由算法在完全本地部署(每台路由器独立观测与决策)时表现最佳,优于集中式决策。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Routing algorithms are crucial for efficient computer network operations, and in many settings they must be able to react to traffic bursts within milliseconds. Live telemetry data can provide informative signals to routing algorithms, and recent work has trained neural networks to exploit such signals for traffic-aware routing. Yet, aggregating network-wide information is subject to communication delays, and existing neural approaches either assume unrealistic delay-free global states, or restrict routers to purely local telemetry. This leaves their deployability in real-world environments unclear. We cast telemetry-aware routing as a delay-aware closed-loop control problem and introduce a framework that trains and evaluates neural routing algorithms, while explicitly modeling communication and inference delays. On top of this framework, we propose LOGGIA, a scalable graph neural routing algorithm that predicts log-space link weights from attributed topology-and-telemetry graphs. It utilizes a data-driven pre-training stage, followed by on-policy Reinforcement Learning. Across synthetic and real network topologies, and unseen mixed TCP/UDP traffic sequences, LOGGIA consistently outperforms shortest-path baselines, whereas neural baselines fail once realistic delays are enforced. Our experiments further suggest that neural routing algorithms like LOGGIA perform best when deployed fully locally, i.e., observing network states and inferring actions at every router individually, as opposed to centralized decision making.

神经路由网络优化延迟建模强化学习

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