arXiv:2604.03006cs.RO2026-04被引 1

用流匹配方法学习软体机器人逆动力学,实现高精度、低延迟的开环控制。

A Flow Matching Framework for Soft-Robot Inverse Dynamics

  • 将逆动力学建模为条件流匹配问题,生成物理一致的控制输入。
  • 相比传统回归模型,轨迹跟踪均方根误差降低超50%,峰值速度达1.14 m/s。
  • 适合对实时性与控制精度要求高的软体机器人系统应用。

由于高维非线性与复杂的驱动耦合,学习软连续体机器人的逆动力学仍具挑战。传统基于反馈的控制器常因修正振荡导致控制抖动,而确定性回归模型难以捕捉准确动态追踪所需的复杂非线性映射。为此,我们提出一种用于开环前馈控制的逆动力学框架,将系统微分动力学建模为生成传输映射。具体地,将逆动力学重述为条件流匹配问题,并采用轻量级的修正流(Rectified Flow, RF)生成物理一致的控制输入而非条件均值。引入两种变体以增强物理一致性:RF-Physical利用基于物理的先验进行残差建模;RF-FWD在流匹配过程中集成前向动力学一致性损失。大量实验表明,该框架相较标准回归基线(MLP、LSTM、Transformer)将轨迹跟踪均方根误差降低超过50%。系统可在峰值末端执行器速度1.14 m/s下保持稳定开环运行,推理延迟低于毫秒级(0.995 ms)。本工作展示了流匹配作为软体机器人系统中学习微分逆动力学的稳健、高性能范式。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Learning the inverse dynamics of soft continuum robots remains challenging due to high-dimensional nonlinearities and complex actuation coupling. Conventional feedback-based controllers often suffer from control chattering due to corrective oscillations, while deterministic regression-based learners struggle to capture the complex nonlinear mappings required for accurate dynamic tracking. Motivated by these limitations, we propose an inverse-dynamics framework for open-loop feedforward control that learns the system's differential dynamics as a generative transport map. Specifically, inverse dynamics is reformulated as a conditional flow-matching problem, and Rectified Flow (RF) is adopted as a lightweight instance to generate physically consistent control inputs rather than conditional averages. Two variants are introduced to further enhance physical consistency: RF-Physical, utilizing a physics-based prior for residual modeling; and RF-FWD, integrating a forward-dynamics consistency loss during flow matching. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that our framework reduces trajectory tracking RMSE by over 50% compared to standard regression baselines (MLP, LSTM, Transformer). The system sustains stable open-loop execution at a peak end-effector velocity of 1.14 m/s with sub-millisecond inference latency (0.995 ms). This work demonstrates flow matching as a robust, high-performance paradigm for learning differential inverse dynamics in soft robotic systems.

软体机器人逆动力学流匹配控制优化

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