Memory让小团队也能长期高效协作,突破大团队瓶颈。
Scaling Teams or Scaling Time? Memory Enabled Lifelong Learning in LLM Multi-Agent Systems

- 用灵活内存拓扑设计支持经验持续复用的长期学习框架
- 在多个任务上提升长周期表现,同时降低运行成本
- 揭示团队规模与记忆能力非线性关系,适合资源受限场景
大型语言模型多智能体系统可沿两个维度扩展:增加智能体数量或通过时间积累经验。尽管以往研究分别探讨了这两个维度,但在真实成本约束下它们的交互关系仍不明确。本文提出一种联合考虑团队规模与终身学习能力的概念性扩展视角,并研究内存设计在此空间中的作用。为此,我们提出了面向多智能体系统的终身记忆框架LLMA-Mem,支持灵活的内存拓扑结构。我们在 extsc{MultiAgentBench}数据集上评估了该框架,涵盖编码、科研和数据库环境。实验表明,相比基线方法,LLMA-Mem在长周期任务中持续提升性能并降低成本。进一步分析揭示了非单调的扩展规律:更大的团队并不总带来更好表现;当内存能有效复用经验时,小团队反而可能优于大团队。这些发现表明,优化内存设计是更高效、更可持续地扩展多智能体系统的关键路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large language model (LLM) multi-agent systems can scale along two distinct dimensions: by increasing the number of agents and by improving through accumulated experience over time. Although prior work has studied these dimensions separately, their interaction under realistic cost constraints remains unclear. In this paper, we introduce a conceptual scaling view of multi-agent systems that jointly considers team size and lifelong learning ability, and we study how memory design shares this landscape. To this end, we propose \textbf{LLMA-Mem}, a lifelong memory framework for LLM multi-agent systems under flexible memory topologies. We evaluate LLMA-Mem on \textsc{MultiAgentBench} across coding, research, and database environments. Empirically, LLMA-Mem consistently improves long-horizon performance over baselines while reducing cost. Our analysis further reveals a non-monotonic scaling landscape: larger teams do not always produce better long-term performance, and smaller teams can outperform larger ones when memory better supports the reuse of experience. These findings position memory design as a practical path for scaling multi-agent systems more effectively and more efficiently over time.
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