利用宇宙射线缪子成像中的次级电磁喷流信息,提升混凝土结构缺陷检测精度。
Shower-Aware Dual-Stream Voxel Networks for Structural Defect Detection in Cosmic-Ray Muon Tomography

- 分双流处理缪子散射角与次级喷流数量,通过交叉注意力融合特征。
- 仅用喷流数量信息即达0.685的平均骰子系数,较纯散射提升14.9%。
- 适合从事无损检测、高精度三维成像研究者参考,尤其关注物理信号挖掘。
我们提出SA-DSVN,一种用于基于宇宙射线缪子断层扫描的钢筋混凝土结构缺陷体素级分割的3D卷积架构。不同于仅依赖缪子散射角度的传统重建方法(POCA、MLSD),本方法同时处理散射运动学(9通道)与次级电磁喷流多重性(40通道),通过独立编码流并以交叉注意力融合。训练数据由Vega——一个云原生的Geant4模拟框架生成,涵盖900个体积,共450万条缪子事件,包含四种缺陷类型:蜂窝状空洞、剪切裂缝、腐蚀孔洞和分层脱粘,均嵌入密集7x7钢筋笼中。五组消融实验表明,仅使用喷流多重性通道时,缺陷平均骰子系数从仅用散射的0.535提升至0.685。在60个独立模拟验证体中,模型实现96.3%体素准确率,各类缺陷骰子系数为0.59–0.81,且每体积推理仅需10毫秒,体积级检测灵敏度达100%。结果证实次级喷流多重性是此前未被利用但极具判别力的特征。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We present SA-DSVN, a 3D convolutional architecture for voxel-level segmentation of structural defects in reinforced concrete using cosmic-ray muon tomography. Unlike conventional reconstruction methods (POCA, MLSD) that rely solely on muon scattering angles, our approach jointly processes scattering kinematics (9 channels) and secondary electromagnetic shower multiplicities (40 channels) through independent encoder streams fused via cross-attention. Training data were generated using Vega, a cloud-native Geant4 simulation framework, producing 4.5 million muon events across 900 volumes containing four defect types - honeycombing, shear fracture, corrosion voids, and delamination - embedded within a dense 7x7 rebar cage. A five-variant ablation study demonstrates that the shower multiplicity stream alone accounts for the majority of discriminative power, raising defect-mean Dice from 0.535 (scattering only) to 0.685 (shower only). On 60 independently simulated validation volumes, the model achieves 96.3% voxel accuracy, per-defect Dice scores of 0.59-0.81, and 100% volume-level detection sensitivity at 10 ms inference per volume. These results establish secondary shower multiplicity as a previously unexploited but highly effective feature for learned muon tomographic reconstruction.
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