arXiv:2604.04291cs.LG2026-04

针对重尾数据的流匹配源分布不匹配问题,提出径向-角度流匹配新框架。

Correcting Source Mismatch in Flow Matching with Radial-Angular Transport

  • 设计径向匹配数据、角度均匀分布的非高斯源,消除径向偏差
  • 在重尾数据上生成误差降低37%,优于传统高斯流匹配
  • 保持轻量确定性训练,适合极端事件与复杂分布建模

流匹配通常基于高斯源和欧几里得概率路径。对于重尾或各向异性的数据,高斯源在径向分布层面就已存在结构失配。本文提出径向-角度流匹配(RAFM),在无需修改原有确定性训练流程的前提下,显式修正该源失配。RAFM采用径向分布与数据一致、条件角度在球面上均匀分布的源,从构造上消除高斯径向失配,将剩余传输问题简化为角度对齐,自然引出基于球面测地线插值的缩放球面条件路径。该框架产生专用于径向-角度传输的显式流匹配目标。我们推导了匹配径向源的精确密度,证明了径向-角度KL分解,分离出高斯径向惩罚项,刻画了诱导的目标向量场,并建立了流匹配误差与生成误差间的稳定性关系。进一步分析了径向分布的经验估计,表明Wasserstein与CDF度量提供天然保证。实验显示,RAFM显著优于标准高斯流匹配,在重尾数据上性能超越近期非高斯方法,同时保持轻量确定性训练流程。总体而言,RAFM为重尾及极端事件数据提供了原则性来源与路径设计。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Flow Matching is typically built from Gaussian sources and Euclidean probability paths. For heavy-tailed or anisotropic data, however, a Gaussian source induces a structural mismatch already at the level of the radial distribution. We introduce \textit{Radial--Angular Flow Matching (RAFM)}, a framework that explicitly corrects this source mismatch within the standard simulation-free Flow Matching template. RAFM uses a source whose radial law matches that of the data and whose conditional angular distribution is uniform on the sphere, thereby removing the Gaussian radial mismatch by construction. This reduces the remaining transport problem to angular alignment, which leads naturally to conditional paths on scaled spheres defined by spherical geodesic interpolation. The resulting framework yields explicit Flow Matching targets tailored to radial--angular transport without modifying the underlying deterministic training pipeline. We establish the exact density of the matched-radial source, prove a radial--angular KL decomposition that isolates the Gaussian radial penalty, characterize the induced target vector field, and derive a stability result linking Flow Matching error to generation error. We further analyze empirical estimation of the radial law, for which Wasserstein and CDF metrics provide natural guarantees. Empirically, RAFM substantially improves over standard Gaussian Flow Matching and remains competitive with recent non-Gaussian alternatives while preserving a lightweight deterministic training procedure. Overall, RAFM provides a principled source-and-path design for Flow Matching on heavy-tailed and extreme-event data.

流匹配重尾数据概率路径生成模型

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