arXiv:2604.04445cs.LG2026-04

TinyNina用卫星图像自监督超分辨,让边缘设备实时监测空气质量。

TinyNina: A Resource-Efficient Edge-AI Framework for Sustainable Air Quality Monitoring via Intra-Image Satellite Super-Resolution

论文配图:TinyNina: A Resource-Efficient Edge-AI Framework for Sustainable Air Quality Monitoring via Intra-Image Satellite Super-Resolution
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 利用哨兵2号多光谱层级作内部标签,无需高分辨率外部数据。
  • 仅51K参数,推理速度比主流模型快47倍,MAE低至7.4μg/m³。
  • 适合智能城市部署,兼顾精度与计算效率,助力可持续环境监测。

氮氧化物(NO₂)是主要的大气污染物,与呼吸系统疾病和城市气候问题密切相关。尽管哨兵-2卫星提供全球覆盖,但其原始空间分辨率常不足以满足精细的NO₂评估需求。为此,我们提出TinyNina——一种专为可持续环境监测设计的资源高效边缘人工智能框架。TinyNina采用新颖的图像内学习范式,利用哨兵-2的多光谱层级作为内部训练标签,有效避免对昂贵且难以获取的外部高分辨率参考数据集的依赖。该框架引入波长特定注意力门与深度可分离卷积,在保留污染敏感光谱特征的同时,保持极轻量级结构(仅51K参数)。在3,276对匹配的卫星-地面站数据上验证,其达到7.4 μg/m³的先进均方误差(MAE)。相比高容量模型EDSR和RCAN,计算开销降低95%,推理速度提升47倍。通过优先考虑任务相关性与架构效率,TinyNina为智慧城市建设中的实时空气质量监测提供了可扩展、低延迟的解决方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Nitrogen dioxide (NO$_2$) is a primary atmospheric pollutant and a significant contributor to respiratory morbidity and urban climate-related challenges. While satellite platforms like Sentinel-2 provide global coverage, their native spatial resolution often limits the precision required, fine-grained NO$_2$ assessment. To address this, we propose TinyNina, a resource-efficient Edge-AI framework specifically engineered for sustainable environmental monitoring. TinyNina implements a novel intra-image learning paradigm that leverages the multi-spectral hierarchy of Sentinel-2 as internal training labels, effectively eliminating the dependency on costly and often unavailable external high-resolution reference datasets. The framework incorporates wavelength-specific attention gates and depthwise separable convolutions to preserve pollutant-sensitive spectral features while maintaining an ultra-lightweight footprint of only 51K parameters. Experimental results, validated against 3,276 matched satellite-ground station pairs, demonstrate that TinyNina achieves a state-of-the-art Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 7.4 $μ$g/m$^3$. This performance represents a 95% reduction in computational overhead and 47$\times$ faster inference compared to high-capacity models such as EDSR and RCAN. By prioritizing task-specific utility and architectural efficiency, TinyNina provides a scalable, low-latency solution for real-time air quality monitoring in smart city infrastructures.

边缘计算空气监测超分辨轻量化模型

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