用3D高斯点云提升低视角电子显微成像质量,减少损伤。
3D Gaussian Splatting for Annular Dark Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography Reconstruction
- 将3D高斯点云改造为可学习的散射强度场,匹配电镜成像物理。
- 引入归一化系数,稳定不同倾斜角度下的散射表现。
- 加入傅里叶幅值损失,有效抑制稀疏视角下的缺失楔形伪影。
解析型暗场扫描透射电子显微镜(ADF-STEM)断层成像通过整合多视角倾转系列图像,实现纳米材料三维重构,精确分析其结构与组分特征。尽管增加倾转视图可提升三维重建质量,但会延长电子束照射时间,导致对剂量敏感材料的损伤,并引入漂移和错位问题,难以兼顾重建保真度与样品保护。实际中常需稀疏视角采集,而传统方法在视图有限时性能下降,出现伪影且结构保真度降低。本文针对该问题,将3D高斯点云(3D GS)引入此领域,提出三项关键改进:首先,将局部散射强度建模为可学习标量场denza,解决3DGS与ADF-STEM成像物理的不匹配;其次,引入系数γ进行散射视图归一化,稳定各倾转角下denza表现;最后,设计包含2D傅里叶幅值项的损失函数,抑制稀疏视角下的缺失楔形伪影。在45视角和15视角倾转系列上的实验表明,DenZa-Gaussian生成的重建结果与投影图与原始倾转图像高度一致,展现出优异的稀疏视角鲁棒性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Analytical Dark Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (ADF-STEM) tomography reconstructs nanoscale materials in 3D by integrating multi-view tilt-series images, enabling precise analysis of their structural and compositional features. Although integrating more tilt views improves 3D reconstruction, it requires extended electron exposure that risks damaging dose-sensitive materials and introduces drift and misalignment, making it difficult to balance reconstruction fidelity with sample preservation. In practice, sparse-view acquisition is frequently required, yet conventional ADF-STEM methods degrade under limited views, exhibiting artifacts and reduced structural fidelity. To resolve these issues, in this paper, we adapt 3D GS to this domain with three key components. We first model the local scattering strength as a learnable scalar field, denza, to address the mismatch between 3DGS and ADF-STEM imaging physics. Then we introduce a coefficient $γ$ to stabilize scattering across tilt angles, ensuring consistent denza via scattering view normalization. Finally, We incorporate a loss function that includes a 2D Fourier amplitude term to suppress missing wedge artifacts in sparse-view reconstruction. Experiments on 45-view and 15-view tilt series show that DenZa-Gaussian produces high-fidelity reconstructions and 2D projections that align more closely with original tilts, demonstrating superior robustness under sparse-view conditions.
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