提出可兼容临床针的腱驱动导引管控制框架,实现高精度弯曲穿刺。
Bilinear Model Predictive Control Framework of the OncoReach, a Tendon-Driven Steerable Stylet for Brachytherapy
- 构建分段双线性模型,将虚拟输入映射为实际插入速度与绳索张力。
- 闭环控制下定位误差低至1.45毫米(仅插入长度的1.7%)。
- 适合需精准穿刺的临床介入场景,如前列腺癌粒子植入治疗。
可调节方向的导引针有望通过避开敏感解剖结构的曲线路径提升腔内近距离放疗效果。然而,现有建模与控制方法多针对定制化针具设计,难以直接应用于兼容市售临床针的导引管。本文提出一种用于集成标准近距离放疗针的腱驱动可调导引管的双线性模型预测控制(MPC)框架。建立了一个几何双线性模型,包含三个虚拟输入(插入速度和两个弯曲速率),并将其映射为物理可实现的输入——插入速度及对应绳索张力。通过图像引导的针尖追踪,在组织模拟体中进行仿真与物理插入实验验证。开环模型验证的估计误差低于2毫米(占插入长度的3%),闭环固定目标追踪误差最低达1.45毫米(占插入长度的1.7%)。但部分弯曲方向上实验误差较大,最高达8.3毫米(占插入长度的7.8%)。总体表明该框架在临床兼容的可调导引系统中具备固定目标定位与移动目标轨迹跟踪的可行性,同时指出了校准与传感方面仍需改进的关键点。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Steerable needles have the potential to improve interstitial brachytherapy by enabling curved trajectories that avoid sensitive anatomical structures. However, existing modeling and control approaches are primarily developed for custom needle designs and are not directly applicable to stylets compatible with commercially available clinical needles. This paper presents a bilinear model predictive control (MPC) framework for a tendon-driven steerable stylet integrated with a standard brachytherapy needle. \textcolor{black}{A geometric bilinear model is formulated with three virtual inputs (an insertion speed and two bending rates) which are mapped to physically realizable inputs consisting of the insertion speed and the associated tendon tensions.} The approach is validated through simulations and physical insertion experiments in tissue-mimicking phantom material using image-based tip tracking. While open-loop model validation yielded estimation errors below $2$~mm, corresponding to $3\%$ of the inserted needle length, and closed-loop fixed-target tracking achieved an error as low as $1.45$~mm, corresponding to $1.7\%$ of the inserted length, experiments showed larger position errors in certain bending directions, reaching $8.3$~mm, or $7.8\%$ of the inserted length. Overall, the results demonstrate the feasibility of fixed-target positioning and moving-target trajectory tracking for clinically compatible steerable brachytherapy systems, while highlighting necessary areas for future improvements in calibration and sensing.
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