arXiv:2604.05374cs.LG2026-04被引 3

让神经网络自动满足系统稳定性约束,实现可证明的安全控制设计。

LMI-Net: Linear Matrix Inequality--Constrained Neural Networks via Differentiable Projection Layers

  • 通过可微投影层直接强制执行矩阵不等式约束,保证模型输出合规。
  • 在扰动系统上实验表明,新方法在分布外数据下可行性显著优于软约束模型。
  • 适合需要形式化安全保证的控制算法研发人员使用。

线性矩阵不等式(LMIs)在验证动态系统的稳定性、鲁棒性和前向不变性方面起着核心作用。尽管基于学习的控制设计与证书合成方法发展迅速,但现有方法往往无法保持形式化保证所需的硬性矩阵不等式约束。本文提出 LMI-Net,一种高效且模块化的可微投影层,通过构造方式强制实施 LMI 约束。该方法将 LMI 定义的集合映射为仿射等式约束与半正定锥的交集,利用 Douglas-Rachford 分裂法完成前向传播,并通过隐式微分实现高效的反向传播。我们建立了理论保证,证明投影层收敛至可行点,从而确保 LMI-Net 可将任意神经网络转化为满足 LMI 约束的可靠模型。在不变椭球体合成及一类受扰线性系统的联合控制器-证书设计实验中,LMI-Net 在分布偏移下显著提升可行性,同时保持快速推理速度,实现了半定规划认证与现代学习技术之间的桥梁。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) have played a central role in certifying stability, robustness, and forward invariance of dynamical systems. Despite rapid development in learning-based methods for control design and certificate synthesis, existing approaches often fail to preserve the hard matrix inequality constraints required for formal guarantees. We propose LMI-Net, an efficient and modular differentiable projection layer that enforces LMI constraints by construction. Our approach lifts the set defined by LMI constraints into the intersection of an affine equality constraint and the positive semidefinite cone, performs the forward pass via Douglas-Rachford splitting, and supports efficient backward propagation through implicit differentiation. We establish theoretical guarantees that the projection layer converges to a feasible point, certifying that LMI-Net transforms a generic neural network into a reliable model satisfying LMI constraints. Evaluated on experiments including invariant ellipsoid synthesis and joint controller-and-certificate design for a family of disturbed linear systems, LMI-Net substantially improves feasibility over soft-constrained models under distribution shift while retaining fast inference speed, bridging semidefinite-program-based certification and modern learning techniques.

控制理论神经网络形式化验证

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