arXiv:2604.05426cs.LGcs.AI2026-04被引 2

ALTO加速异构LoRA训练,提升资源利用率与调优效率。

ALTO: Adaptive LoRA Tuning and Orchestration for Heterogeneous LoRA Training Workloads

  • 通过监控损失轨迹,动态淘汰表现差的配置。
  • 融合分组GEMM与秩局部并行,实现适配器共置和显存回收。
  • 支持多任务协同调度,适合大规模多租户参数高效微调场景。

低秩适应(LoRA)是当前主流的大语言模型参数高效微调方法,但高质量适配器通常需要系统性超参数调优,因为其性能对配置高度敏感。实践中,这导致大量并发的LoRA任务在多租户环境中运行,涵盖异构任务。现有系统大多独立处理这些任务,既浪费计算资源于低效候选配置,又造成GPU利用率低下。本文提出ALTO(自适应LoRA调优与编排系统),一个协同设计的训练系统,旨在加速LoRA超参数调优的同时,实现跨异构任务的高效集群共享。核心思想是:当多个调优任务在共享冻结主干上并发运行时,能暴露单任务系统无法利用的优化机会。基于此,ALTO通过监控损失轨迹提前终止无望配置,采用融合分组GEMM及新型秩局部适配器并行策略,共置存活适配器并回收释放的显存,并结合任务内与任务间调度,利用LoRA任务可预测的持续时间优化多任务部署。大量评估表明,ALTO相比最先进方案最高提升13.8倍,且不牺牲适配器质量。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is now the dominant method for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models, but achieving a high-quality adapter often requires systematic hyperparameter tuning because LoRA performance is highly sensitive to configuration choices. In practice, this leads to many concurrent LoRA jobs, often spanning heterogeneous tasks in multi-tenant environments. Existing systems largely handle these jobs independently, which both wastes computation on weak candidates and leaves GPUs underutilized. We present ALTO (Adaptive LoRA Tuning and Orchestration), a co-designed training system that accelerates LoRA hyperparameter tuning while enabling efficient cluster sharing across heterogeneous tasks. The central insight behind ALTO is that when multiple tuning jobs run concurrently over a shared frozen backbone, they expose optimization opportunities that single-job designs cannot exploit. Building on this, ALTO monitors loss trajectories to terminate unpromising configurations early, uses fused grouped GEMM together with a new rank-local adapter parallelism to co-locate surviving adapters and reclaim freed GPU capacity, and combines intra-task and inter-task scheduling to improve multi-task placement by leveraging the predictable duration of LoRA jobs. Extensive evaluation shows that ALTO achieves up to $13.8\times$ speedup over state-of-the-art without sacrificing adapter quality.

LoRA超参调优资源调度大模型微调

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