让机械手抓取更安全,根据物体受力特性智能选接触点。
GraspSense: Physically Grounded Grasp and Grip Planning for a Dexterous Robotic Hand via Language-Guided Perception and Force Maps
- 基于局部可承受力图生成接触点选择策略
- 实验显示抓握力始终在安全范围内,避免损坏物体
- 适合需要精细操作的机器人系统,如人形机器人
灵巧机器人操作不仅需要几何上合理的抓取,还需考虑物体表面非均匀的力学特性。现有抓取规划通常将表面视为结构均质,但即使抓取几何完美,弱区域受力仍可能损坏物体。本文提出一套五指机械手的抓取选择与力调控流程,基于局部可承受接触力地图。从操作指令出发,系统识别目标物体,使用SAM3D重建三维几何,并导入Isaac Sim。通过物理信息驱动的几何分析,计算每个表面位置的最大横向接触力(不产生变形),并据此生成力图。抓取候选通过几何有效性与任务目标一致性筛选;当多个候选在传统指标上相近时,采用基于力图的准则重新排序,优先选择机械上可承受区域的接触点。阻抗控制器根据接触点的局部可承受力动态调节各指刚度,实现安全可靠的抓取执行。在纸杯、塑料杯和玻璃杯上的验证表明,该方法能稳定选择结构更强的接触区域,且抓握力保持在安全阈值内。本工作将灵巧操作从纯几何问题转变为物理基础的抓取选择与执行联合规划问题,适用于未来人形机器人系统。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Dexterous robotic manipulation requires more than geometrically valid grasps: it demands physically grounded contact strategies that account for the spatially non-uniform mechanical properties of the object. However, existing grasp planners typically treat the surface as structurally homogeneous, even though contact in a weak region can damage the object despite a geometrically perfect grasp. We present a pipeline for grasp selection and force regulation in a five-fingered robotic hand, based on a map of locally admissible contact loads. From an operator command, the system identifies the target object, reconstructs its 3D geometry using SAM3D, and imports the model into Isaac Sim. A physics-informed geometric analysis then computes a force map that encodes the maximum lateral contact force admissible at each surface location without deformation. Grasp candidates are filtered by geometric validity and task-goal consistency. When multiple candidates are comparable under classical metrics, they are re-ranked using a force-map-aware criterion that favors grasps with contacts in mechanically admissible regions. An impedance controller scales the stiffness of each finger according to the locally admissible force at the contact point, enabling safe and reliable grasp execution. Validation on paper, plastic, and glass cups shows that the proposed approach consistently selects structurally stronger contact regions and keeps grip forces within safe bounds. In this way, the work reframes dexterous manipulation from a purely geometric problem into a physically grounded joint planning problem of grasp selection and grip execution for future humanoid systems.
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