在希尔伯特空间中用最优传输生成湍流场,突破传统网格限制。
Optimal-Transport-Guided Functional Flow Matching for Turbulent Field Generation in Hilbert Space

- 将物理场视为希尔伯特空间中的函数,直接在无限维空间建模生成过程。
- 通过最优传输构造数据与噪声间的直线概率路径,实现无模拟训练和快速采样。
- 适用于高阶湍流统计和能量谱的精准生成,适合流体动力学与复杂系统研究者。
高保真湍流建模需捕捉复杂的时空动态和多尺度间歇性,对传统知识驱动系统构成根本挑战。尽管扩散模型和流匹配等深度生成模型表现优异,但其离散像素化本质限制了在湍流计算中的应用,因数据本质上是函数形式。为此,我们提出函数型最优传输条件流匹配(FOT-CFM),一种直接定义在无限维函数空间中的生成框架。不同于固定网格上的方法,FOT-CFM将物理场视为无限维希尔伯特空间中的元素,学习分辨率无关的生成动态,直接作用于概率测度层面。结合最优传输理论,构建希尔伯特空间中噪声与数据测度间的确定性直线路径。该形式支持无需模拟的训练并显著加速采样。我们在包括纳维-斯托克斯方程、科尔莫戈罗夫流和长谷川-若田方程在内的多种混沌动力系统上进行严格评估,这些系统均呈现丰富的多尺度湍流结构。实验结果表明,相较于最先进基线,FOT-CFM在再现高阶湍流统计与能量谱方面具有更优保真度。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
High-fidelity modeling of turbulent flows requires capturing complex spatiotemporal dynamics and multi-scale intermittency, posing a fundamental challenge for traditional knowledge-based systems. While deep generative models, such as diffusion models and Flow Matching, have shown promising performance, they are fundamentally constrained by their discrete, pixel-based nature. This limitation restricts their applicability in turbulence computing, where data inherently exists in a functional form. To address this gap, we propose Functional Optimal Transport Conditional Flow Matching (FOT-CFM), a generative framework defined directly in infinite-dimensional function space. Unlike conventional approaches defined on fixed grids, FOT-CFM treats physical fields as elements of an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, and learns resolution-invariant generative dynamics directly at the level of probability measures. By integrating Optimal Transport (OT) theory, we construct deterministic, straight-line probability paths between noise and data measures in Hilbert space. This formulation enables simulation-free training and significantly accelerates the sampling process. We rigorously evaluate the proposed system on a diverse suite of chaotic dynamical systems, including the Navier-Stokes equations, Kolmogorov Flow, and Hasegawa-Wakatani equations, all of which exhibit rich multi-scale turbulent structures. Experimental results demonstrate that FOT-CFM achieves superior fidelity in reproducing high-order turbulent statistics and energy spectra compared to state-of-the-art baselines.
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