发现运动中呼气丙酮可预测运动后脂肪氧化水平。
Untargeted analysis of volatile markers of post-exercise fat oxidation in exhaled breath
- 通过无靶向分析筛选呼气挥发物，寻找脂肪氧化标志物。
- 运动末期丙酮信号可准确预测90分钟后β-羟基丁酸变化（F1≥0.83）。
- 证实丙酮是主要呼气标志物，适合运动代谢实时监测。
呼气丙酮是运动期间脂肪氧化的潜在无创生物标志物，但其应用受限于干扰因素，且浓度显著变化通常在运动后数小时才出现，难以实现实时评估。本研究采用质子转移反应飞行时间质谱（PTR-TOF-MS）对19名受试者在25分钟骑行及5分钟休息后的呼气挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）进行无靶向筛查，以探索除丙酮外的脂肪氧化标志物，并检验运动中呼吸测量是否能预测运动后脂肪氧化变化。以血液β-羟基丁酸（BOHB）为参考指标，共检测到773个有效信号，其中仅4个信号与BOHB强相关（ρ ≥ 0.82，p = 0.0002），均归因于丙酮或其同位素或碎片。运动结束时的这些信号可准确预测术后显著的BOHB变化（F1得分≥0.83，准确率=0.89）。研究未发现新的呼气脂肪氧化标志物，但确认了丙酮的核心作用，表明运动中呼气丙酮测量已具备预测运动后脂肪氧化的潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Breath acetone represents a promising non-invasive biomarker for monitoring fat oxidation during exercise. However, its utility is limited by confounding factors, as well as by the fact that significant changes in concentration occur only hours post-exercise, which makes real-time assessment difficult. We performed an untargeted screening for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that could serve as markers of fat oxidation beyond acetone, and investigated whether breath measurements taken during exercise could predict post-exercise changes in fat oxidation. Nineteen participants completed two 25-min cycling sessions separated by a brief 5-min rest period. VOC emissions were analysed using proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) during exercise and after a 90-min recovery period. Blood $β$-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) concentrations served as the reference marker for fat oxidation. Among 773 relevant analytical features detected in the PTR-TOF-MS measurements, only four signals exhibited strong correlations with BOHB ($ρ$ $\geq$ 0.82, p = 0.0002)-all attributable to acetone or its isotopologues or fragments. End-of-exercise measurements of these signals enabled accurate prediction of participants with substantial post-exercise BOHB changes (F1 score $\geq$ 0.83, accuracy = 0.89). Our study did not reveal any novel breath-based biomarkers of fat oxidation, but it confirmed acetone as the key marker. Moreover, our findings suggest that breath acetone measurements during exercise may already enable basic predictions of post-exercise fat oxidation.
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