用几何先验和不确定性指导,高效重建复杂城市无线电图。
Sparse Gain Radio Map Reconstruction With Geometry Priors and Uncertainty-Guided Measurement Selection

- 结合场景几何与测量不确定性,联合预测密集无线电图。
- 在不同城市布局下重建误差低于0.85 dB,优于传统方法。
- 适合城市无线网络规划与自适应传感系统设计者。
无线电图对环境感知无线通信、网络规划和资源优化至关重要。但在仅有限测量条件下,尤其在存在强遮挡、不规则几何结构和受限感知访问的复杂城市环境中,构建密集无线电图仍具挑战性。现有方法虽探索了插值、低秩制图、深度补全及信道知识图(CKM)构建,但普遍未能有效利用显式几何先验或忽视预测不确定性对后续感知的价值。本文从几何感知与主动感知视角研究稀疏增益无线电图重建。首先构建可控制的射线追踪基准UrbanRT-RM,涵盖多样城市布局、多基站部署及多种稀疏采样模式。随后提出轻量级网络GeoUQ-GFNet,从稀疏测量和结构化场景先验中联合预测稠密增益无线电图与空间不确定性图。预测的不确定性进一步用于在有限感知预算下引导主动测量选择。大量实验表明,所提GeoUQ-GFNet在UrbanRT-RM生成的不同场景与发射机位置下均表现出强且一致的重建性能。此外,在相同额外测量预算下,不确定性引导查询带来的重建提升优于非自适应采样。结果证明,将几何感知学习、不确定性估计与基准驱动评估相结合,对复杂城市环境中的稀疏无线电图重建具有显著有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Radio maps are important for environment-aware wireless communication, network planning, and radio resource optimization. However, dense radio map construction remains challenging when only a limited number of measurements are available, especially in complex urban environments with strong blockages, irregular geometry, and restricted sensing accessibility. Existing methods have explored interpolation, low-rank cartography, deep completion, and channel knowledge map (CKM) construction, but many of these methods insufficiently exploit explicit geometric priors or overlook the value of predictive uncertainty for subsequent sensing. In this paper, we study sparse gain radio map reconstruction from a geometry-aware and active sensing perspective. We first construct \textbf{UrbanRT-RM}, a controllable ray-tracing benchmark with diverse urban layouts, multiple base-station deployments, and multiple sparse sampling modes. We then propose \textbf{GeoUQ-GFNet}, a lightweight network that jointly predicts a dense gain radio map and a spatial uncertainty map from sparse measurements and structured scene priors. The predicted uncertainty is further used to guide active measurement selection under limited sensing budgets. Extensive experiments show that our proposed GeoUQ-GFNet method achieves strong and consistent reconstruction performance across different scenes and transmitter placements generated using UrbanRT-RM. Moreover, uncertainty-guided querying provides more effective reconstruction improvement than non-adaptive sampling under the same additional measurement budget. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of combining geometry-aware learning, uncertainty estimation, and benchmark-driven evaluation for sparse radio map reconstruction in complex urban environments.
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