arXiv:2604.05863cs.CL2026-04

将旋转机械信号视为'机器语言',实现无需标注的实时状态监测。

LoRM: Learning the Language of Rotating Machinery for Self-Supervised Condition Monitoring

  • 把多传感器信号转为离散符号序列,用语言模型预测未来状态。
  • 在真实工具上实现稳定实时监测,跨工具泛化性能强。
  • 适合工业界做无监督故障检测,尤其适用于缺乏标注数据场景。

我们提出LoRM(旋转机械的语言),一种用于多模态旋转机械信号理解与实时状态监测的自监督框架。LoRM的核心思想是将旋转机械信号视为一种机器语言:局部信号可被分词为离散符号单元,其未来演化可通过观测到的多传感器上下文进行预测。不同于依赖人工设计变换与特征的传统信号处理方法,LoRM将多模态传感器数据重构为基于符号的序列预测问题。对于每个数据窗口,保留观测上下文段的连续形式,而各传感通道的未来目标段则量化为离散符号。通过在工业信号上微调通用预训练语言模型,实现高效知识迁移,避免从零训练大模型。最终,通过跟踪符号预测误差作为健康指标,误差增大即表示设备退化。现场工具状态监测(TCM)实验表明,该方法具备稳定的实时追踪能力与强跨工具泛化性,为语言建模与工业信号分析之间搭建了实用桥梁。源代码已公开于 https://github.com/Q159753258/LormPHM。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We present LoRM (Language of Rotating Machinery), a self-supervised framework for multi-modal rotating-machinery signal understanding and real-time condition monitoring. LoRM is built on the idea that rotating-machinery signals can be viewed as a machine language: local signals can be tokenised into discrete symbolic units, and their future evolution can be predicted from observed multi-sensor context. Unlike conventional signal-processing methods that rely on hand-crafted transforms and features, LoRM reformulates multi-modal sensor data as a token-based sequence-prediction problem. For each data window, the observed context segment is retained in continuous form, while the future target segment of each sensing channel is quantised into a discrete token. Then, efficient knowledge transfer is achieved by partially fine-tuning a general-purpose pre-trained language model on industrial signals, avoiding the need to train a large model from scratch. Finally, condition monitoring is performed by tracking token-prediction errors as a health indicator, where increasing errors indicate degradation. In-situ tool condition monitoring (TCM) experiments demonstrate stable real-time tracking and strong cross-tool generalisation, showing that LoRM provides a practical bridge between language modelling and industrial signal analysis. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/Q159753258/LormPHM.

状态监测自监督学习工业信号

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