行业调研揭示生成式AI时代软件工程教育的新需求
"Don't Be Afraid, Just Learn": Insights from Industry Practitioners to Prepare Software Engineers in the Age of Generative AI
- 通过51名从业者调研，发现生成式AI催生新技能需求
- 强调提示工程与输出评估能力，同时强化软技能与传统编程能力
- 为高校课程改革提供可操作建议，适合教育研究者参考
尽管高校课程与产业需求之间的矛盾由来已久，但生成式AI（GenAI）工具在软件开发中的快速融入，进一步拉大了两者差距。本研究对51名行业从业者（包括软件开发人员、技术负责人、高层管理者等）进行调查，并开展11次深入访谈，聚焦招聘实践、岗位技能要求、对高校课程的不足认知，以及如何改进学习成果。结果表明，生成式AI带来了提示工程和输出评估等新技能需求，同时强化了问题解决、批判性思维等软技能，以及架构设计、调试等传统能力的重要性。研究将这些发现转化为对学术界的可操作建议，如如何将生成式AI融入课程体系及重构评价方式。本工作为教育工作者提供了实证依据，以帮助学生适应现代软件工程环境。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Although tension between university curricula and industry expectations has existed in some form for decades, the rapid integration of generative AI (GenAI) tools into software development has recently widened the gap between the two domains. To better understand this disconnect, we surveyed 51 industry practitioners (software developers, technical leads, upper management, \etc) and conducted 11 follow-up interviews focused on hiring practices, required job skills, perceived shortcomings in university curricula, and views on how university learning outcomes can be improved. Our results suggest that GenAI creates demand for new skills (\eg prompting and output evaluation), while strengthening the importance of soft-skills (\eg problem solving and critical thinking) and traditional competencies (\eg architecture design and debugging). We synthesize these findings into actionable recommendations for academia (\eg how to incorporate GenAI into curricula and evaluation redesign). Our work offers empirical guidance to help educators prepare students for modern software engineering environments.
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