通过多视角摄影重建血栓取出术中血管4D动态，量化变形与应力变化。
4D Vessel Reconstruction for Benchtop Thrombectomy Analysis
- 九相机系统结合4D高斯点云重建血管运动轨迹。
- 实现90%边缘应力误差低于0.028 MPa，几何匹配精度达0.97。
- 适用于设备对比测试，适合血管介入研究者参考。
机械取栓可能导致血管变形和术中损伤。尽管台架模型广泛用于器械测试，但实时、全场3D血管运动测量仍受限。本研究开发了一套九相机、低成本多视角工作流程，用于硅胶大脑中动脉假体的台架取栓实验（2160p，20 fps）。多视角视频经校准、分割与4D高斯点云重建，生成的点云转换为固定连通边图，用于感兴趣区域（ROI）位移追踪及基于表面的相对应力代理计算。应力代理值通过Neo-Hookean映射下的边拉伸获得，并以相对表面指标报告。通过已知变形的Blender合成管道进行几何与时间验证。在合成平移中，多数边应力代理接近零（中位数≈0 MPa；90百分位0.028 MPa），仅少数异常值；在合成拉伸（1–5 mm）下，重建结果与真值几何与时间上高度一致，对称切比雪夫距离为1.714–1.815 mm，τ=1 mm时精度达0.964–0.972。初步台架对比试验（每条件一例）显示，颈内动脉段放置的吸引导管比终末段放置产生更高的最大中位位移与应力代理值。结论：该协议提供标准化、时间分辨的表面运动学与相对位移/应力代理测量，支持条件间比较与方法验证，但不同于绝对壁面应力估算。代码与示例数据已公开于https://ethanuser.github.io/vessel4D。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Introduction: Mechanical thrombectomy can cause vessel deformation and procedure-related injury. Benchtop models are widely used for device testing, but time-resolved, full-field 3D vessel-motion measurements remain limited. Methods: We developed a nine-camera, low-cost multi-view workflow for benchtop thrombectomy in silicone middle cerebral artery phantoms (2160p, 20 fps). Multi-view videos were calibrated, segmented, and reconstructed with 4D Gaussian Splatting. Reconstructed point clouds were converted to fixed-connectivity edge graphs for region-of-interest (ROI) displacement tracking and a relative surface-based stress proxy. Stress-proxy values were derived from edge stretch using a Neo-Hookean mapping and reported as comparative surface metrics. A synthetic Blender pipeline with known deformation provided geometric and temporal validation. Results: In synthetic bulk translation, the stress proxy remained near zero for most edges (median $\approx$ 0 MPa; 90th percentile 0.028 MPa), with sparse outliers. In synthetic pulling (1-5 mm), reconstruction showed close geometric and temporal agreement with ground truth, with symmetric Chamfer distance of 1.714-1.815 mm and precision of 0.964-0.972 at $τ= 1$ mm. In preliminary benchtop comparative trials (one trial per condition), cervical aspiration catheter placement showed higher max-median ROI displacement and stress-proxy values than internal carotid artery terminus placement. Conclusion: The proposed protocol provides standardized, time-resolved surface kinematics and comparative relative displacement and stress proxy measurements for thrombectomy benchtop studies. The framework supports condition-to-condition comparisons and methods validation, while remaining distinct from absolute wall-stress estimation. Implementation code and example data are available at https://ethanuser.github.io/vessel4D
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