arXiv:2604.07277cs.LGcs.AI2026-04ACL被引 10

通过单状态多动作提升安卓智能体训练效率,降低模拟器开销。

Android Coach: Improve Online Agentic Training Efficiency with Single State Multiple Actions

论文配图:Android Coach: Improve Online Agentic Training Efficiency with Single State Multiple Actions
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 采用单状态多动作机制,一次状态采多个动作,减少重复模拟开销。
  • 在AndroidLab和AndroidWorld上成功率分别提升7.5%和8.3%。
  • 适合追求高效在线强化学习的移动端智能体研发人员。

在线强化学习是提升安卓智能体能力的有效方法,但受模拟器高延迟和现有算法样本效率低的限制,训练成本过高。我们发现当前方法的根本局限在于‘单状态单动作’范式:仅通过单向回放的一对一状态-动作对更新策略,未能充分探索每个昂贵的模拟器状态。本文提出Android Coach,将训练范式转变为‘单状态多动作’,允许智能体为单一在线状态采样并利用多个动作。该方法无需额外模拟器开销,通过学习一个估值网络(critic)实现。为确保估值网络可靠,引入过程奖励模型,并设计基于平均估值输出的组间优势估计器。大量实验表明,Android Coach在AndroidLab和AndroidWorld上分别相较UI-TARS-1.5-7B提升7.5%和8.3%的成功率,且在相同成功率下训练效率比PPO和GRPO高出1.4倍。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Online reinforcement learning (RL) serves as an effective method for enhancing the capabilities of Android agents. However, guiding agents to learn through online interaction is prohibitively expensive due to the high latency of emulators and the sample inefficiency of existing RL algorithms. We identify a fundamental limitation in current approaches: the Single State Single Action paradigm, which updates the policy with one-to-one state-action pairs from online one-way rollouts without fully exploring each costly emulator state. In this paper, we propose Android Coach, a novel framework that shifts the training paradigm to Single State Multiple Actions, allowing the agent to sample and utilize multiple actions for a single online state. We enable this without additional emulator overhead by learning a critic that estimates action values. To ensure the critic serves as a reliable coach, we integrate a process reward model and introduce a group-wise advantage estimator based on the averaged critic outputs. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of Android Coach: it achieves 7.5% and 8.3% success rate improvements on AndroidLab and AndroidWorld over UI-TARS-1.5-7B, and attains 1.4x higher training efficiency than Single State Single Action methods PPO and GRPO at matched success rates.

强化学习智能体训练安卓仿真效率优化

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