arXiv:2604.07337cs.CV2026-04被引 1

用可学习法向高斯实现高保真表面重建,解决3DGS难以提取完整网格的问题。

From Blobs to Spokes: High-Fidelity Surface Reconstruction via Oriented Gaussians

  • 为每个高斯添加可学习法向,构建连续占据场与法向场。
  • 在DTU和Tanks and Temples上达到新SOTA,生成完整无孔的封闭网格。
  • 适合需要精确几何重建的场景,如自动驾驶、工业检测。

3D高斯点阵(3DGS)虽加速了新视角合成,但其基于不透明度的建模方式使表面提取困难。不同于依赖符号距离场或占据率的隐式方法,3DGS缺乏全局几何场,现有方法多依赖如融合混合深度图的TSDF等启发式手段。受Objects as Volumes启发,本文推导出高斯点阵的原理性占据场,并用于精确提取复杂场景的封闭网格。核心贡献是为每个高斯引入可学习的定向法向,设计适配的衰减公式,实现空间任意位置的法向与占据场闭式表达。进一步提出新颖的一致性损失与专用细化策略,强制高斯包裹整个表面,填补几何空洞,确保由定向基元构成完整外壳。修改可微光栅化器输出深度作为连续模型的等值面,并引入针对兴趣区域的原语自适应网格化技术,在任意分辨率下生成高质量网格。此外,揭示标准表面评估协议的根本偏差,提出两种更严格的替代方案。整体方法Gaussian Wrapping在DTU和Tanks and Temples数据集上达到新基准,以远小于竞品的体量恢复薄结构(如自行车辐条),实现完整、水密的网格重建。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has revolutionized fast novel view synthesis, yet its opacity-based formulation makes surface extraction fundamentally difficult. Unlike implicit methods built on Signed Distance Fields or occupancy, 3DGS lacks a global geometric field, forcing existing approaches to resort to heuristics such as TSDF fusion of blended depth maps. Inspired by the Objects as Volumes framework, we derive a principled occupancy field for Gaussian Splatting and show how it can be used to extract highly accurate watertight meshes of complex scenes. Our key contribution is to introduce a learnable oriented normal at each Gaussian element and to define an adapted attenuation formulation, which leads to closed-form expressions for both the normal and occupancy fields at arbitrary locations in space. We further introduce a novel consistency loss and a dedicated densification strategy to enforce Gaussians to wrap the entire surface by closing geometric holes, ensuring a complete shell of oriented primitives. We modify the differentiable rasterizer to output depth as an isosurface of our continuous model, and introduce Primal Adaptive Meshing for Region-of-Interest meshing at arbitrary resolution. We additionally expose fundamental biases in standard surface evaluation protocols and propose two more rigorous alternatives. Overall, our method Gaussian Wrapping sets a new state-of-the-art on DTU and Tanks and Temples, producing complete, watertight meshes at a fraction of the size of concurrent work-recovering thin structures such as the notoriously elusive bicycle spokes.

3D重建高斯点阵表面提取网格生成

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