用流模型模拟物理过程演化,实现更精准的科学计算求解。
Flow Learners for PDEs: Toward a Physics-to-Physics Paradigm for Scientific Computing

- 以物理可接受的轨迹流为学习目标,替代传统状态预测。
- 支持连续时间预测和原生不确定性量化,适合长时程模拟。
- 适用于需要动态演化的复杂物理系统,如多尺度或刚性问题。
偏微分方程(PDE)几乎描述了科学与工程中的所有物理过程,但大规模求解仍成本高昂。生成式AI已革新语言、视觉与蛋白质科学,但学习型PDE求解器尚未经历类似变革。现有方法各有所长:物理信息神经网络嵌入残差结构,但在刚性、多尺度或大域场景中优化困难;神经算子可跨实例泛化,但多基于快照预测范式,长期滚动易退化;基于扩散的求解器建模不确定性,却仍依赖以状态回归为核心的模板。本文指出核心问题在于训练抽象——多数模型试图预测状态,而真实科学需求是追踪约束动力学下的不确定性传播。因此提出“流学习者”:参数化传输向量场,通过积分生成轨迹,契合定义PDE演化的连续动态。这种物理对物理的对齐支持连续时间预测、原生不确定性量化,并开启物理感知求解器设计的新路径。本文阐述为何基于传输的学习构成更强的组织原则,并展望由此衍生的研究议程。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Partial differential equations (PDEs) govern nearly every physical process in science and engineering, but solving them at scale remains prohibitively expensive. Generative AI has transformed language, vision, and protein science, but learned PDE solvers have not undergone a comparable shift. Existing paradigms each capture part of the problem. Physics-informed neural networks embed residual structure, although they are often difficult to optimize in stiff, multiscale, or large-domain regimes. Neural operators amortize across instances, although they commonly inherit a snapshot-prediction view of solving and can degrade over long rollouts. Diffusion-based solvers model uncertainty, although they are often built on a solver template that still centers on state regression. We argue that the core issue is the abstraction used to train learned solvers. Many models are asked to predict states, while many scientific settings require modeling how uncertainty moves through constrained dynamics. The relevant object is transport over physically admissible futures. This motivates flow learners: models that parameterize transport vector fields and generate trajectories through integration, echoing the continuous dynamics that define PDE evolution. This physics-to-physics alignment supports continuous-time prediction, native uncertainty quantification, and new opportunities for physics-aware solver design. We explain why transport-based learning offers a stronger organizing principle for learned PDE solving and outline the research agenda that follows from this shift.
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