用强化学习动态调整监听时段,显著降低工业物联网能耗。
RL-ASL: A Dynamic Listening Optimization for TSCH Networks Using Reinforcement Learning

- 基于强化学习实时决定是否跳过监听时隙
- 能耗降低46%,延迟减少96%,可靠性近乎完美
- 模型在低功耗设备上运行开销极小,适合真实部署
时间槽通道跳频(TSCH)是IEEE 802.15.4e标准中广泛采用的媒体访问控制协议,旨在为工业物联网(IIoT)网络提供可靠且节能的通信。然而,现有TSCH调度器依赖静态时隙分配,在动态流量下导致空闲监听和不必要的功耗。本文提出RL-ASL,一种基于强化学习的自适应监听框架,根据实时网络状况动态决策是否激活或跳过预定监听时隙。通过将学习驱动的时隙跳过与标准TSCH调度结合,RL-ASL在保持同步性和交付可靠性的同时减少空闲监听。在FIT IoT-LAB测试平台和Cooja网络模拟器上的实验表明,相比基线协议,RL-ASL能耗降低最高达46%,平均延迟较PRIL-M降低96%,且可靠性近乎完美。其基于链路的变体RL-ASL-LB在高竞争环境下进一步优化了延迟表现,同时保持相似能效。重要的是,RL-ASL在资源受限的节点上推理开销极小,因模型训练完全离线完成。总体而言,RL-ASL为下一代低功耗IIoT网络提供了实用、可扩展且节能的调度机制。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) is a widely adopted Media Access Control (MAC) protocol within the IEEE 802.15.4e standard, designed to provide reliable and energy-efficient communication in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) networks. However, state-of-the-art TSCH schedulers rely on static slot allocations, resulting in idle listening and unnecessary power consumption under dynamic traffic conditions. This paper introduces RL-ASL, a reinforcement learning-driven adaptive listening framework that dynamically decides whether to activate or skip a scheduled listening slot based on real-time network conditions. By integrating learning-based slot skipping with standard TSCH scheduling, RL-ASL reduces idle listening while preserving synchronization and delivery reliability. Experimental results on the FIT IoT-LAB testbed and Cooja network simulator show that RL-ASL achieves up to 46% lower power consumption than baseline scheduling protocols, while maintaining near-perfect reliability and reducing average latency by up to 96% compared to PRIL-M. Its link-based variant, RL-ASL-LB, further improves delay performance under high contention with similar energy efficiency. Importantly, RL-ASL performs inference on constrained motes with negligible overhead, as model training is fully performed offline. Overall, RL-ASL provides a practical, scalable, and energy-aware scheduling mechanism for next-generation low-power IIoT networks.
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