arXiv:2604.08030cs.LGcs.AI2026-04

提出个性化可行动性框架,让推荐更贴合个人实际条件。

From Universal to Individualized Actionability: Revisiting Personalization in Algorithmic Recourse

  • 定义个人可行动性:硬约束+软偏好,用用户评分预设需求
  • 硬约束会显著降低推荐有效性与可信度,存在权衡风险
  • 揭示不同群体间行动成本差异,适合关注公平性的研究者

算法救济旨在为个体提供可操作建议,以改变不利的模型预测结果。以往研究多关注效率、鲁棒性和公平性,但对个性化的作用仍模糊且缺乏系统分析。本文将个性化明确定义为个体可行动性,包含两个维度:指定哪些特征可个体操作的硬约束,以及反映个人对行动值和成本偏好的软约束。在因果算法救济框架下,采用事前用户提示方法,个体通过排序或打分表达偏好后生成建议。大量实证评估显示,个体可行动性约束(尤其是硬约束)会显著降低推荐的有效性和可信度,无论是否采用摊销策略。此外,个性化还能揭示不同社会人口群体间救济行动成本与可信度的差异。这些发现强调需对算法救济中的个性化进行严谨定义、操作与评估。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Algorithmic recourse aims to provide actionable recommendations that enable individuals to change unfavorable model outcomes, and prior work has extensively studied properties such as efficiency, robustness, and fairness. However, the role of personalization in recourse remains largely implicit and underexplored. While existing approaches incorporate elements of personalization through user interactions, they typically lack an explicit definition of personalization and do not systematically analyze its downstream effects on other recourse desiderata. In this paper, we formalize personalization as individual actionability, characterized along two dimensions: hard constraints that specify which features are individually actionable, and soft, individualized constraints that capture preferences over action values and costs. We operationalize these dimensions within the causal algorithmic recourse framework, adopting a pre-hoc user-prompting approach in which individuals express preferences via rankings or scores prior to the generation of any recourse recommendation. Through extensive empirical evaluation, we investigate how personalization interacts with key recourse desiderata, including validity, cost, and plausibility. Our results highlight important trade-offs: individual actionability constraints, particularly hard ones, can substantially degrade the plausibility and validity of recourse recommendations across amortized and non-amortized approaches. Notably, we also find that incorporating individual actionability can reveal disparities in the cost and plausibility of recourse actions across socio-demographic groups. These findings underscore the need for principled definitions, careful operationalization, and rigorous evaluation of personalization in algorithmic recourse.

算法救济个性化公平性

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