用范围编码实现高效且可证明安全的文本隐写，嵌入效率达100%。
Efficient Provably Secure Linguistic Steganography via Range Coding
- 基于范围编码与旋转机制，直接实现安全隐写
- 嵌入效率接近100%，速度最高达1554.66比特/秒
- 适用于需要高隐蔽性与高吞吐的隐蔽通信场景
语言隐写旨在将秘密信息嵌入看似无害的文本中以实现隐蔽通信。可证明安全性是长期目标和核心驱动力，已扩展至基于语言模型的隐写方法。以往可证明安全的方法虽实现了零KL散度的完美不可察觉性，但牺牲了嵌入容量。本文尝试直接采用经典熵编码方法（范围编码）实现安全隐写，并提出一种高效且可证明安全的语言隐写方法，引入旋转机制。在多种语言模型上的实验表明，该方法嵌入效率接近100%（熵利用率），优于现有基线方法；同时实现高速嵌入（在GPT-2上最高达1554.66比特/秒）。代码已开源：github.com/ryehr/RRC_steganography。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Linguistic steganography involves embedding secret messages within seemingly innocuous texts to enable covert communication. Provable security, which is a long-standing goal and key motivation, has been extended to language-model-based steganography. Previous provably secure approaches have achieved perfect imperceptibility, measured by zero Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, but at the expense of embedding capacity. In this paper, we attempt to directly use a classic entropy coding method (range coding) to achieve secure steganography, and then propose an efficient and provably secure linguistic steganographic method with a rotation mechanism. Experiments across various language models show that our method achieves around 100% entropy utilization (embedding efficiency) for embedding capacity, outperforming the existing baseline methods. Moreover, it achieves high embedding speeds (up to 1554.66 bits/s on GPT-2). The code is available at github.com/ryehr/RRC_steganography.
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