让四足机器人在不同体型间零样本迁移,仅靠一个通用物理模型。
Morphology-Conditioned World Model for Cross-Embodiment Quadrupedal Locomotion
- 用形态特征条件化生成式动力学模型,实现跨体型泛化。
- 在未见过的机器人上零样本迁移,无需微调或预热。
- 适合研究多机器人通用控制与具身智能的学者。
世界模型有望革新机器人技术,使智能体学习环境物理规律一次,即可高效获取新行为。然而,现有动态模型通常依赖特定机器人形态,例如在ANYmal-D上训练的模型无法直接用于Unitree Go1,因小幅度执行器或肢体长度变化即需从头训练。本文提出将机器人物理特性形式化为形态规格,并设计四足世界模型(QWM),通过尺度不变特征编码、自适应奖励归一化和潜空间形态条件化,使单一生成式动力学模型能生成跨形态的策略。保持形态信息一致时,模型无关策略在训练集表现相当,但在未见形态上性能下降;而QWM可在未见形态上实现零样本迁移,无需微调、适应或预热。据我们所知,这是首个在四足家族中实现零样本跨具身迁移的世界模型。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
World models promise a paradigm shift in robotics, where an agent learns the physics of its environment once and then acquires behaviors efficiently. Yet the learned dynamics models at their core are typically morphology locked. In legged locomotion, a dynamics model trained on an ANYmal-D quadruped fails on a Unitree Go1 because it overfits to one robot's embodiment rather than capturing the locomotion dynamics shared across robots, so even a small change in actuator dynamics or limb length forces retraining from scratch. However, if we formalize a robot's unique physical traits into a morphology specification, a controller for a family of robots can utilize this blueprint in two ways. It can feed the specification to a model-free policy, or it can feed the specification to a learned dynamics model and extract the policy in imagination. We argue for the second route and introduce the Quadrupedal World Model (QWM), which conditions a single generative dynamics model on scale-invariant physical features and trains policies entirely inside it, through a physical morphology encoder, an adaptive reward normalizer, and morphology conditioning in the latent dynamics. Holding the morphology information identical, a model-free policy matches QWM on the training cohort but degrades on unseen morphologies, while QWM transfers zero-shot with no fine-tuning, adaptation, or warm-up in such cases. To our knowledge, this is the first world model to demonstrate zero-shot cross-embodiment transfer within the quadrupedal family.
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