AI协作时,人更易被追责,因系统被视为工具而非主体。
AI-Induced Human Responsibility (AIHR) in AI-Human teams
- 人与AI协作时,责任倾向归于人类,非对称分配。
- 四组实验(共1801人)显示责任偏移平均达10分。
- 适合关注人机协作问责机制的研究者和管理者。
随着组织越来越多地将AI作为协作伙伴而非独立工具,人机联合决策中常出现道德后果严重的错误,且责任归属模糊。本文通过四个实验(总样本量1801人)考察在AI辅助信贷场景下(如歧视性拒贷、不负责任放贷及低危害错误提交),人们如何分配责任。结果发现,当人类与AI协作时,参与者比与另一人类协作时,更倾向于将责任归于人类,平均责任评分高出10分(0-100量表)。该现象在高危害与低危害情境中均成立,且在自我归责情境下仍持续存在。过程分析表明,该效应源于对代理自主性的推断:AI被视为受约束的执行者,因此人类成为默认的可抉择责任主体。其他机制(如心智感知、自我威胁)无法解释该效应。研究拓展了算法回避、人机组织行为及技术责任缺口领域,揭示人机协同可能增加而非稀释人类责任,对人工智能组织中的问责设计具有重要启示。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
As organizations increasingly deploy AI as a teammate rather than a standalone tool, morally consequential mistakes often arise from joint human-AI workflows in which causality is ambiguous. We ask how people allocate responsibility in these hybrid-agent settings. Across four experiments (N = 1,801) in an AI-assisted lending context (e.g., discriminatory rejection, irresponsible lending, and low-harm filing errors), participants consistently attributed more responsibility to the human decision maker when the human was paired with AI than when paired with another human (by an average of 10 points on a 0-100 scale across studies). This AI-Induced Human Responsibility (AIHR) effect held across high and low harm scenarios and persisted even where self-serving blame-shifting (when the human in question was the self) would be expected. Process evidence indicates that AIHR is explained by inferences of agent autonomy: AI is seen as a constrained implementer, which makes the human the default locus of discretionary responsibility. Alternative mechanisms (mind perception; self-threat) did not account for the effect. These findings extend research on algorithm aversion, hybrid AI-human organizational behavior and responsibility gaps in technology by showing that AI-human teaming can increase (rather than dilute) human responsibility, with implications for accountability design in AI-enabled organizations.
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