用无人机模拟Wi-Fi信号，自动定位野外失踪人员手机。
"Take Me Home, Wi-Fi Drone": A Drone-based Wireless System for Wilderness Search and Rescue
- 通过无人机伪装热点，利用手机自动重连特性发现目标。
- 采用3D打印透镜增强信号方向差异，实现长距离定位。
- 自适应导航+低功耗发现，适合真实野外搜救场景。
野外搜救（WiSAR）是长期存在的社会难题，亟需创新的自动化技术解决方案。本文提出Wi2SAR，一种基于无人机的自主无线系统，可在无基础设施支持下实现远距离、穿透遮挡物的野外搜救。核心思路是利用现代Wi-Fi设备自动重连已知网络的特性，通过机载Wi-Fi模拟热点，使受害者手机主动连接，从而实现发现与定位。为实现这一构想，系统在三方面实现突破：（1）设计快速节能的设备发现机制，高效识别目标；（2）提出仅依赖接收信号强度（RSS）的长距离定向定位方法，使用3D打印的吕姆克透镜放大方向性信号差异，显著提升探测范围；（3）构建自适应无人机导航策略，高效引导无人机接近目标。我们实现了端到端原型，并在多种移动设备及真实荒野环境中进行评估。实验结果表明，Wi2SAR具备高精度、高效率和强实用性，展现了其在自主化野外搜救中的巨大潜力。项目代码已开源，网址：https://aiot-lab.github.io/Wi2SAR。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Wilderness Search and Rescue (WiSAR) represents a longstanding and critical societal challenge, demanding innovative and automatic technological solutions. In this paper, we introduce Wi2SAR, a novel autonomous drone-based wireless system for long-range, through-occlusion WiSAR operations, without relying on existing infrastructure. Our basic insight is to leverage the automatic reconnection behavior of modern Wi-Fi devices to known networks. By mimicking these networks via on-drone Wi-Fi, Wi2SAR uniquely facilitates the discovery and localization of victims through their accompanying mobile devices. Translating this simple idea into a practical system poses substantial technical challenges. Wi2SAR overcomes these challenges via three distinct innovations: (1) a rapid and energy-efficient device discovery mechanism to discover and identify the target victim, (2) a novel RSS-only, long-range direction finding approach using a 3D-printed Luneburg Lens, amplifying the directional signal strength differences and significantly extending the operational range, and (3) an adaptive drone navigation scheme that guides the drone toward the target efficiently. We implement an end-to-end prototype and evaluate Wi2SAR across various mobile devices and real-world wilderness scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate Wi2SAR's high performance, efficiency, and practicality, highlighting its potential to advance autonomous WiSAR solutions. Wi2SAR is open-sourced at https://aiot-lab.github.io/Wi2SAR to facilitate further research and real-world deployment.
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