盲人与低视力者参与设计，打造可听觉感知的3D数据可视化工具。
Three Modalities, Two Design Probes, One Prototype, and No Vision: Experience-Based Co-Design of a Multi-modal 3D Data Visualization Tool
- 通过盲人协作设计，结合触觉模型与数字原型迭代开发。
- 实现方向定位、峰值识别等核心分析任务，提升准确性与易学性。
- 适合无障碍设计研究者与可访问性系统开发者参考使用。
三维数据可视化（如曲面图）在生物医学成像到光谱学等科学领域至关重要，却对盲人和低视力（BLV）人群极不友好。为此，我们与具备非视觉数据表达专长的BLV合作者开展基于体验的共同设计，开发了一款可访问的多模态网络化可视化工具。研究团队由五名BLV和一名非盲研究人员组成，经历两轮迭代，对比低保真触觉原型与高保真数字原型。该过程产出一个经实证验证的原型，包含参考声学化、立体与体积音频及可配置缓冲聚合等功能，被合作者确认能显著提升分析准确性和学习效率。本研究聚焦非视觉3D数据探索的核心任务：方向判断、地标与峰值识别、局部极大值与全局趋势比较、梯度追踪，以及遮挡或部分隐藏特征的识别。工作为无障碍研究者与开发者提供了从触觉知识向数字界面转化的共设计流程，给出了具体设计指导，并为可访问3D可视化向具身数据环境延伸创造了可能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Three-dimensional (3D) data visualizations, such as surface plots, are vital in STEM fields from biomedical imaging to spectroscopy, yet remain largely inaccessible to blind and low-vision (BLV) people. To address this gap, we conducted an Experience-Based Co-Design with BLV co-designers with expertise in non-visual data representations to create an accessible, multi-modal, web-native visualization tool. Using a multi-phase methodology, our team of five BLV and one non-BLV researcher(s) participated in two iterative sessions, comparing a low-fidelity tactile probe with a high-fidelity digital prototype. This process produced a prototype with empirically grounded features, including reference sonification, stereo and volumetric audio, and configurable buffer aggregation, which our co-designers validated as improving analytic accuracy and learnability. In this study, we target core analytic tasks essential for non-visual 3D data exploration: orientation, landmark and peak finding, comparing local maxima versus global trends, gradient tracing, and identifying occluded or partially hidden features. Our work offers accessibility researchers and developers a co-design protocol for translating tactile knowledge to digital interfaces, concrete design guidance for future systems, and opportunities to extend accessible 3D visualization into embodied data environments.
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