arXiv:2604.09548cs.IRcs.AI2026-04

用检索增强模型生成老年人使用大麻二酚的科学建议,更安全可靠。

Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models for Evidence-Informed Guidance on Cannabidiol Use in Older Adults

  • 通过结构化提示与证据库结合,生成符合指南的个性化建议。
  • 检索增强模型推荐更谨慎,且在三种评估中表现优于独立模型。
  • 适合关注老年健康、药物安全的医生或研究人员参考。

老年人常面临疼痛和睡眠障碍等慢性问题,可能考虑使用大麻二酚(CBD)进行症状管理。安全使用需合理剂量、逐步调整及警惕药物相互作用,但污名化和健康素养有限常阻碍理解。基于大语言模型和检索增强生成的对话式AI系统可辅助教育,但其安全性和可靠性尚待充分评估。本研究构建了一个融合结构化提示工程与精选CBD证据的检索增强型大语言模型框架,为老年人(包括认知障碍者)提供情境感知的指导建议。我们还提出一种自动化、无需人工标注的评估框架,用于在缺乏标准基准的情况下对比主流独立模型与检索增强模型。通过64种多样化用户场景(涵盖症状、偏好、认知状态、人口统计学、共病、用药史、大麻使用史及照护者支持等变量)进行测试,评估了多个先进模型,包括一种集成多检索系统的新型集成架构。在三种自动评估策略下,检索增强模型始终产生更谨慎且符合指南的建议,其中集成方法表现最佳。结果表明,结构化检索显著提升了AI驱动的CBD教育在安全性与可靠性方面的表现,并为敏感健康场景中的AI工具评估提供了可复现的框架。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Older adults commonly experience chronic conditions such as pain and sleep disturbances and may consider cannabidiol for symptom management. Safe use requires appropriate dosing, careful titration, and awareness of drug interactions, yet stigma and limited health literacy often limit understanding. Conversational artificial intelligence systems based on large language models and retrieval-augmented generation may support cannabidiol education, but their safety and reliability remain insufficiently evaluated. This study developed a retrieval-augmented large language model framework that combines structured prompt engineering with curated cannabidiol evidence to generate context-aware guidance for older adults, including those with cognitive impairment. We also proposed an automated, annotation-free evaluation framework to benchmark leading standalone and retrieval-augmented models in the absence of standardized benchmarks. Sixty-four diverse user scenarios were generated by varying symptoms, preferences, cognitive status, demographics, comorbidities, medications, cannabis history, and caregiver support. Multiple state-of-the-art models were evaluated, including a novel ensemble retrieval architecture that integrates multiple retrieval systems. Across three automated evaluation strategies, retrieval-augmented models consistently produced more cautious and guideline-aligned recommendations than standalone models, with the ensemble approach performing best. These findings demonstrate that structured retrieval improves the reliability and safety of AI-driven cannabidiol education and provide a reproducible framework for evaluating AI tools used in sensitive health contexts.

大模型医疗AI检索增强老年健康

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