arXiv:2604.09938cs.ROcs.LG2026-04

用缆绳驱动的农业机器人,减少土地压实并实现离网运行。

CableTract: A Co-Designed Cable-Driven Field Robot for Low-Compaction, Off-Grid Capable Agriculture

论文配图:CableTract: A Co-Designed Cable-Driven Field Robot for Low-Compaction, Off-Grid Capable Agriculture
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 主站固定、锚点持缆,仅轻载小车进田作业。
  • 能耗降低40%以上,土壤压强减少60%以上。
  • 适合小型农场离网作业,开源可复现。

传统农用机械的能耗主要消耗在车身移动而非作业部件。然而,多数新型农机可行性研究未将机械结构、能量采集、牵引力、田间几何、经济性、全生命周期碳排放及不确定性量化整合于统一可复现的代码路径中。本文构建了该框架并应用于CableTract——一种双模块缆绳驱动农田机器人。一个固定主单元(绞盘+电机+电池+能源采集模块)与一个由螺旋桩固定的轻质锚模块通过缆绳拉紧一条作业带,轻型作业小车沿缆绳滑行。重部件始终位于田埂;仅小车进入田间。小车搭载10种共设计的作业工具库,其协同设计是本文核心分析杠杆。该框架无需原型,串联了悬链线缆模型、传动效率链、基于共设计工具库拟合的随机牵引力模型、六个站点的逐小时太阳能+风能+电池模拟器、50个地块的多边形覆盖规划器、接触压强引起的土壤压实模型、含电池更换与全生命周期碳排放的贴现现金流经济引擎,以及20个输入的全局敏感性分析。通过操作包络扫描与架构变体对比完成闭环验证。完整实现开源。应用于共设计基准系统,该框架展现出显著的节能、减压优势,并具备离网运行潜力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Conventional field operations spend most of their energy moving the tractor body, not the implement. Yet feasibility studies for novel agricultural vehicles rarely tie mechanics, energy harvest, draft, field geometry, economics, life-cycle CO2, and uncertainty quantification together on a single reproducible code path. This paper builds such a framework and applies it to CableTract, a two-module cable-driven field robot. A stationary Main Unit (winch + motor + battery + harvester module) (MU) and a lighter Anchor module (held by helical screw piles) tension a cable across a strip while a lightweight implement carriage rolls along it. The heavy bodies stay on the headland; only the carriage enters the field. The carriage runs a 10-implement library co-designed for the cable architecture. This co-design is the paper's central analytical lever. The framework is prototype-free. It chains a catenary cable model, a drivetrain efficiency chain, a stochastic draft model fitted to the co-designed library, an hourly solar + wind + battery simulator on six sites, a polygon coverage planner on a 50-field corpus, a contact-pressure compaction model, a discounted cash-flow economics engine with battery replacement and life-cycle CO2, and a global sensitivity analysis on 20 inputs. An operating-envelope sweep and an architectural-variant comparison close the loop. The full implementation is open source. Applied to the codesigned reference, the framework yields energy, compaction advantages and potential off-grid operation.

农业机器人缆绳驱动离网运行土壤压实

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