通过视觉注意力强化,减少多模态模型推理中的幻觉问题。
Cognitive Pivot Points and Visual Anchoring: Unveiling and Rectifying Hallucinations in Multimodal Reasoning Models

- 在高熵认知分叉点动态激励视觉注意力,防止模型依赖语言先验。
- 在多个基准上将幻觉率降低18.7%~32.4%,提升推理一致性。
- 适合关注多模态模型可靠性与可解释性的研究人员使用。
多模态大推理模型(MLRMs)在测试时通过计算资源扩展实现了显著进展,但长链推理仍易产生幻觉。我们发现一种称为‘推理-视觉真值断层’(RVTD)的现象:幻觉与高熵状态下的认知分叉点强相关。这源于中间层视觉语义锚定的失效——在高不确定性过渡阶段,模型不再查询视觉证据,转而依赖语言先验。为此,我们提出轻量级训练范式V-STAR,融合层次化视觉注意力奖励(HVAR)于GRPO框架中,当检测到高熵状态时,动态强化关键中间层的视觉注意力,实现推理过程对视觉输入的锚定。同时引入强制反思机制(FRM),在高熵点触发反思并验证后续步骤,将外部去偏干预转化为内在抗幻觉能力。实验表明,该方法在MMMU、TextVQA等数据集上将幻觉率降低18.7%~32.4%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multimodal Large Reasoning Models (MLRMs) have achieved remarkable strides in visual reasoning through test time compute scaling, yet long chain reasoning remains prone to hallucinations. We identify a concerning phenomenon termed the Reasoning Vision Truth Disconnect (RVTD): hallucinations are strongly correlated with cognitive bifurcation points that often exhibit high entropy states. We attribute this vulnerability to a breakdown in visual semantic anchoring, localized within the network's intermediate layers; specifically, during these high uncertainty transitions, the model fails to query visual evidence, reverting instead to language priors. Consequently, we advocate a shift from solely outcome level supervision to augmenting it with fine grained internal attention guidance. To this end, we propose V-STAR (Visual Structural Training with Attention Reinforcement), a lightweight, holistic training paradigm designed to internalize visually aware reasoning capabilities. Central to our approach is the Hierarchical Visual Attention Reward (HVAR), integrated within the GRPO framework. Upon detecting high entropy states, this mechanism dynamically incentivizes visual attention across critical intermediate layers, thereby anchoring the reasoning process back to the visual input. Furthermore, we introduce the Forced Reflection Mechanism (FRM), a trajectory editing strategy that disrupts cognitive inertia by triggering reflection around high entropy cognitive bifurcation points and encouraging verification of subsequent steps against the visual input, thereby translating external debiasing interventions into an intrinsic capability for hallucination mitigation.
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