让心理模拟器更真实,能模拟抗拒行为并推理动机。
Beyond Compliance: A Resistance-Informed Motivation Reasoning Framework for Challenging Psychological Client Simulation

- 基于抗拒理论构建双阶段训练框架,融合外在行为与内在动机。
- 在RPC数据集上训练后,挑战性表现显著优于现有模拟器。
- 适合用于训练心理咨询师或评估心理大模型的应对能力。
心理客户模拟器已成为培训和评估咨询师及心理大模型的可扩展方案。然而现有模拟器存在过度顺从的问题,使咨询师难以应对真实场景中的挑战性行为。为此,我们提出ResistClient,通过整合外部行为与潜在动机机制,系统建模基于客户抗拒理论的挑战性行为。我们提出抵抗导向动机推理(RIMR)框架:首先在包含多样化客户画像的大型抗阻心理对话数据集RPC上进行监督微调,缓解顺从偏差;其次,超越表面响应模仿,通过过程监督强化学习联合优化动机真实性与回应一致性,实现心理上连贯的动机推理。自动与专家评估表明,ResistClient在挑战性保真度、行为合理性与推理连贯性方面显著优于现有模拟器。此外,该框架可有效评估心理大模型在挑战性情境下的表现,为心理健康对话系统提供新的优化方向。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Psychological client simulators have emerged as a scalable solution for training and evaluating counselor trainees and psychological LLMs. Yet existing simulators exhibit unrealistic over-compliance, leaving counselors underprepared for the challenging behaviors common in real-world practice. To bridge this gap, we present ResistClient, which systematically models challenging client behaviors grounded in Client Resistance Theory by integrating external behaviors with underlying motivational mechanisms. To this end, we propose Resistance-Informed Motivation Reasoning (RIMR), a two-stage training framework. First, RIMR mitigates compliance bias via supervised fine-tuning on RPC, a large-scale resistance-oriented psychological conversation dataset covering diverse client profiles. Second, beyond surface-level response imitation, RIMR models psychologically coherent motivation reasoning before response generation, jointly optimizing motivation authenticity and response consistency via process-supervised reinforcement learning. Extensive automatic and expert evaluations show that ResistClient substantially outperforms existing simulators in challenge fidelity, behavioral plausibility, and reasoning coherence. Moreover, ResistClient facilities evaluation of psychological LLMs under challenging conditions, offering new optimization directions for mental health dialogue systems.
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