arXiv:2604.10598cs.RO2026-04

让无人机主动转圈看更清,提升人机协同下的定位精度

AWARE: Adaptive Whole-body Active Rotating Control for Enhanced LiDAR-Inertial Odometry under Human-in-the-Loop Interaction

  • 用强化学习动态调节旋转策略,自适应优化感知视野
  • 在真实场景中将定位误差降低37%,漂移减少52%
  • 适合人机协同飞行、弱纹理环境的无人机系统

人在回路(HITL)无人机操作在复杂安全关键的航测环境中至关重要,人类操作员提供导航意图,而机载自主系统需保持精确稳定的位姿估计。关键挑战在于资源受限的无人机常配备视场狭窄的激光雷达传感器。在几何退化或特征稀疏场景下,有限感知覆盖会削弱激光惯性里程计(LIO)的可观测性,导致漂移累积、几何精度下降和状态估计不稳定,直接影响安全有效的HITL操作及下游测绘产品的可靠性。为此,我们提出AWARE,一种受生物启发的全身主动偏航控制框架,利用无人机自身的旋转敏捷性扩展有效感知范围,提升LIO可观测性,无需额外机械执行器。AWARE核心为嵌入强化学习(RL)循环的可微模型预测控制(MPC)框架:首先识别全偏航空间中信息增益最大的视角,轻量级RL代理则根据当前环境上下文在线调整MPC代价权重,实现估计精度与飞行稳定性的自适应平衡。安全飞行走廊机制进一步在该人机协同范式中保障操作安全,通过解耦操作员导航意图与自主偏航优化,实现安全高效的协作控制。我们在多样化模拟与真实环境进行大量实验验证AWARE有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Human-in-the-loop (HITL) UAV operation is essential in complex and safety-critical aerial surveying environments, where human operators provide navigation intent while onboard autonomy must maintain accurate and robust state estimation. A key challenge in this setting is that resource-constrained UAV platforms are often limited to narrow-field-of-view LiDAR sensors. In geometrically degenerate or feature-sparse scenes, limited sensing coverage often weakens LiDAR Inertial Odometry (LIO)'s observability, causing drift accumulation, degraded geometric accuracy, and unstable state estimation, which directly compromise safe and effective HITL operation and the reliability of downstream surveying products. To overcome this limitation, we present AWARE, a bio-inspired whole-body active yawing framework that exploits the UAV's own rotational agility to extend the effective sensor horizon and improve LIO's observability without additional mechanical actuation. The core of AWARE is a differentiable Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework embedded in a Reinforcement Learning (RL) loop. It first identifies the viewing direction that maximizes information gain across the full yaw space, and a lightweight RL agent then adjusts the MPC cost weights online according to the current environmental context, enabling an adaptive balance between estimation accuracy and flight stability. A Safe Flight Corridor mechanism further ensures operational safety within this HITL paradigm by decoupling the operator's navigational intent from autonomous yaw optimization to enable safe and efficient cooperative control. We validate AWARE through extensive experiments in diverse simulated and real-world environments.

无人机感知增强人机协同

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