arXiv:2604.10865cs.AI2026-04

用大模型把表格语义融入聚类,让相关概念不再被误分。

Beyond Statistical Co-occurrence: Unlocking Intrinsic Semantics for Tabular Data Clustering

论文配图:Beyond Statistical Co-occurrence: Unlocking Intrinsic Semantics for Tabular Data Clustering
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用大模型将特征名和值转化为语义锚点
  • 通过对比学习融合统计与语义信息,提升聚类效果
  • 适合医疗金融等需理解概念关系的表格数据

深度聚类(DC)在金融、医疗等现实场景的表格数据分析中表现出强大能力。然而,现有方法多依赖数据层面的统计共现来推断潜在度量空间,常忽视特征名与取值所蕴含的内在语义知识。例如,'Flu'和'Cold'这类语义相关的概念常被当作符号处理,导致概念上相关的样本被分离。为弥合数据特定统计与内在语义之间的差距,本文提出表格增强对比聚类(TagCC),一种将统计表征锚定于开放世界文本概念的新框架。具体而言,TagCC利用大语言模型(LLMs)通过语义感知变换,将底层数据语义提炼为文本锚点。通过对比学习(CL),该框架将这些锚点所蕴含的开放世界语义注入统计表征。此对比学习框架与聚类目标联合优化,确保学习到的表示既语义一致又利于聚类。在基准数据集上的大量实验表明,TagCC显著优于现有方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deep Clustering (DC) has emerged as a powerful tool for tabular data analysis in real-world domains like finance and healthcare. However, most existing methods rely on data-level statistical co-occurrence to infer the latent metric space, often overlooking the intrinsic semantic knowledge encapsulated in feature names and values. As a result, semantically related concepts like `Flu' and `Cold' are often treated as symbolic tokens, causing conceptually related samples to be isolated. To bridge the gap between dataset-specific statistics and intrinsic semantic knowledge, this paper proposes Tabular-Augmented Contrastive Clustering (TagCC), a novel framework that anchors statistical tabular representations to open-world textual concepts. Specifically, TagCC utilizes Large Language Models (LLMs) to distill underlying data semantics into textual anchors via semantic-aware transformation. Through Contrastive Learning (CL), the framework enriches the statistical tabular representations with the open-world semantics encapsulated in these anchors. This CL framework is jointly optimized with a clustering objective, ensuring that the learned representations are both semantically coherent and clustering-friendly. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that TagCC significantly outperforms its counterparts.

表格聚类大模型对比学习语义理解

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