用生成算法优化芯片液冷通道,显著降低高温热点。
Generative Design for Direct-to-Chip Liquid Cooling for Data Centers
- 结合物理模型与生成算法,自动设计高效冷却通道。
- 相比传统设计,平均温升降5℃以上,最高温降超35℃。
- 适合需要高密度散热的AI芯片系统设计参考。
人工智能工作负载快速增长导致数据中心功耗密度上升,亟需先进热管理方案。直接芯片液冷可高效在热源处散热,但多数冷板通道布局仍依赖经验设计,难以应对现代异构封装中强烈的温度分布不均问题。本文提出一种生成式设计框架,用于生成NVIDIA GB200 Grace Blackwell超级芯片的冷却通道结构。基于有限差分的物理热模型提供快速稳态温度预测,并将空间热反馈输入受限反应-扩散过程,生成满足进/出水口及组件约束的新通道拓扑。通过闭环迭代生成与热评估,系统自然将冷却能力集中于高功耗区域,抑制热点形成。相比基准平行通道设计,新通道使平均温度降低超过5℃,最大温度降低超过35℃。结果表明,将生成算法与轻量级物理建模结合,可显著提升直接芯片液冷性能,支持人工智能计算的可持续扩展。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Rapid growth in artificial intelligence (AI) workloads is driving up data center power densities, increasing the need for advanced thermal management. Direct-to-chip liquid cooling can remove heat efficiently at the source, but many cold plate channel layouts remain heuristic and are not optimized for the strongly non-uniform temperature distribution of modern heterogeneous packages. This work presents a generative design framework for synthesizing cooling channel geometries for the NVIDIA GB200 Grace Blackwell Superchip. A physics-based finite-difference thermal model provides rapid steady-state temperature predictions and supplies spatial thermal feedback to a constrained reaction-diffusion process that generates novel channel topologies while enforcing inlet/outlet and component constraints. By iterating channel generation and thermal evaluation in a closed loop, the method naturally redistributes cooling capacity toward high-power regions and suppresses hot-spot formation. Compared with a baseline parallel channel design, the resulting channels achieve more than a 5 degree Celsius reduction in average temperature and over 35 degree Celsius reduction in maximum temperature. Overall, the results demonstrate that coupling generative algorithms with lightweight physics-based modeling can significantly enhance direct-to-chip liquid cooling performance, supporting more sustainable scaling of AI computing.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。