arXiv:2604.10950cs.CV2026-04中稿 · CVPR被引 2

用少量视频片段让图像分割模型学会时序理解,无需标注数据。

Bootstrapping Video Semantic Segmentation Model via Distillation-assisted Test-Time Adaptation

论文配图:Bootstrapping Video Semantic Segmentation Model via Distillation-assisted Test-Time Adaptation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过一次初始化将SAM2的时序知识蒸馏到图像分割模型中
  • 仅用初始10%视频片段就超越零样本微调方法,性能接近全监督模型
  • 轻量级模块实现跨帧上下文融合,适合实际部署

全监督视频语义分割依赖密集标注视频数据,限制了实际应用。采用预训练图像分割模型逐帧处理可避免标注成本,但忽略了关键的时间一致性。近期基础模型如SAM2虽能生成高质量掩码传播,却因语义理解有限和计算开销大,难以直接用于视频分割。本文提出DiTTA(基于知识蒸馏的测试时自适应)框架,通过高效测试时自适应,将图像分割模型转化为具备时序感知能力的视频分割模型,无需任何标注视频。DiTTA在单次初始化阶段将SAM2的时序分割知识蒸馏至图像分割模型,并辅以轻量级时序融合模块聚合跨帧上下文信息。关键优势在于:即使仅用极少量初始视频片段(如前10%),也能实现鲁棒泛化,显著优于需反复调用SAM2的零样本微调方法。在VSPW与Cityscapes数据集上的大量实验表明,DiTTA性能达到或超过全监督视频分割方法,为真实场景下的视频分割提供了实用且无标注的解决方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Fully supervised Video Semantic Segmentation (VSS) relies heavily on densely annotated video data, limiting practical applicability. Alternatively, applying pre-trained Image Semantic Segmentation (ISS) models frame-by-frame avoids annotation costs but ignores crucial temporal coherence. Recent foundation models such as SAM2 enable high-quality mask propagation yet remain impractical for direct VSS due to limited semantic understanding and computational overhead. In this paper, we propose DiTTA (Distillation-assisted Test-Time Adaptation), a novel framework that converts an ISS model into a temporally-aware VSS model through efficient test-time adaptation (TTA), without annotated videos. DiTTA distills SAM2's temporal segmentation knowledge into the ISS model during a brief, single-pass initialization phase, complemented by a lightweight temporal fusion module to aggregate cross-frame context. Crucially, DiTTA achieves robust generalization even when adapting with highly limited partial video snippets (e.g., initial 10%), significantly outperforming zero-shot refinement approaches that repeatedly invoke SAM2 during inference. Extensive experiments on VSPW and Cityscapes demonstrate DiTTA's effectiveness, achieving competitive or superior performance relative to fully-supervised VSS methods, thus providing a practical and annotation-free solution for real-world VSS tasks.

视频分割知识蒸馏测试时适应SAM2

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